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14 de jun. de 2023 · Christian Ludwig von Hardenberg. Birthdate: September 18, 1663. Death: October 06, 1736 (73) Immediate Family: Son of Hildebrand Christof von Hardenberg and Magdalene Christine Sehestedt. Husband of Katharina Sibylle von Hardenberg. Father of Christian Ludwig II. von Hardenberg and Magdalena Christine von Hardenberg.
17 de dic. de 2023 · Genealogy for Christian Ludwig II. Ludwig von Hardenberg (1700 - 1781) family tree on Geni, with over 250 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
- Nörten-Hardenberg, Lower Saxony
- Ann Lorraine Vanvick
- November 03, 1700
Explore genealogy for Christian von Hardenberg born 1700 Hardenberg, Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Heiliges Römisches Reich died 1781 Hannover, Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Heiliges Römisches Reich including parents + descendants + more in the free family tree community.
- November 3, 1700
- November 26, 1781
- Overview
- Early years
- Prussian service
- Appointment as chancellor
- Legacy
Karl August von Hardenberg (born May 31, 1750, Essenrode, near Gifhorn, Brunswick [Germany]—died November 26, 1822, Genoa [Italy]) Prussian statesman and administrator, who preserved the integrity of the Prussian state during the Napoleonic Wars. Domestically, he was able to continue the reforms introduced by Karl, Reichsfreiherr (imperial baron) v...
Hardenberg’s father, Christian Ludwig, a member of an aristocratic family with estates in the southern part of the electorate of Hanover in Germany, was a general. Karl August was born on his mother’s estate near Brunswick, the eldest of seven children. He was tutored at home in languages, history, and geography and attended a prestigious private school in Hanover for a year (1762–63).
To prepare himself for a career in public administration, Hardenberg enrolled at the University of Göttingen in the fall of 1766. In 1768 he spent a year at the University of Leipzig. While there, Hardenberg attended lectures on archaeology, history, literature, mathematics, the natural sciences, and economics. He also took lessons in drawing and music, but his main field was law, in which Göttingen provided the best instruction in Germany—often paving the way for an appointment in the imperial civil service or in that of one of the German states.
In 1770 Hardenberg left Göttingen and entered the Hanoverian Ministry of Justice. In order to advance his career he set out in the summer of 1772—on the advice of King George III of England, who was also elector of Hanover—on a year’s travel throughout the whole of Germany, primarily to widen his political horizons. In 1773 he went to England to be presented to King George III, who appointed him Hanoverian councillor.
In 1774 Hardenberg married the 15-year-old countess Juliane von Reventlow, who bore him a son and a daughter; they were divorced in 1788. Because his career had come to a standstill and his wife had involved him in a scandal by her liaison with the prince of Wales, Hardenberg left the Hanoverian service and entered that of the duke of Brunswick. There, however, he proved to be unsuccessful as head of the department of education; moreover, his personal life became the subject of public gossip, for immediately after his divorce he married Sophie von Lenthe, who had been divorced from her husband on Hardenberg’s account.
Hardenberg gladly accepted the post of Prussian provincial minister in Ansbach-Bayreuth that was offered him in 1790, a post in which he performed splendidly. He had the knack of selecting highly capable experts and attracting talented junior executives; among the former was the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who was in charge of the technical improvement of the mines. All in all, Hardenberg made a model Prussian province out of the two former margravates.
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When, in 1798, he won the abiding trust of King Frederick William III of Prussia, he moved to Berlin. He was entrusted with the most important administrative and diplomatic tasks (e.g., serving as foreign minister from 1804 to 1806). Meanwhile, in Ansbach his second marriage had come to grief when he took his mistress into his household. She stayed with him for more than 20 years, going with him to Berlin and later to his estate in the province of Brandenburg. He married her in 1807, six years after he had been divorced from his second wife, but shortly before his death he also separated from her.
After Prussia’s collapse in the war of 1806–07 against France, Hardenberg, at Napoleon’s behest, had to surrender his ministry and to withdraw from political life. When in 1810 Prussia was faced with insolvency and could hardly maintain payments of the indemnity to Napoleon, Hardenberg offered his services to restore the state’s finances. He held the trust of King Frederick William III and the sympathy of Queen Louise, and Napoleon, to whom payment of the indemnity mattered most, agreed to his reinstatement. Thus, in 1810 Hardenberg became prime minister with full powers. At the same time he supervised the ministries of the interior and finance.
In domestic matters Hardenberg began the second stage of the reforms inaugurated in 1807–08 under Stein. After his enforced dismissal in the summer of 1807, the king had charged Hardenberg to draw up a report on the reorganization of the Prussian state. He thereupon set out his fundamental principles for reform in the comprehensive “Riga memorandum.” He held fast to the absolute monarchy but showed sympathy for the liberal principles of the French Revolution and the administrative reforms in France, completed under Napoleon. His theme was “democratic principles in a monarchical regime.” He recommended these principles to the king as the only means of overcoming the crisis of the state. The reforming legislation of 1810–12, inspired by Hardenberg, grew from these convictions. This legislation simplified and unified the excise duties, which had hitherto been levied only in the towns, and sought to impose the property tax on the nobility, which had previously been exempted. It also introduced freedom of trade and a profit tax, regulated the redemption of peasant holdings from the great landed estates, and brought civic equality for the Jews. Further legislation gave greater and more rapid efficacy to the executive in the intermediary administrative spheres. Hardenberg even made a bold attempt to bring the people into closer contact with the affairs of state by inviting the cooperation of the upper middle-class citizens—in accordance with the French example—and preparing a representative assembly with consultative powers. He hoped thus to win public opinion for the government and its unpopular measures, so often necessary during the emergency. However, the opposition of the aristocratic landowners and their influence with the king often attenuated the scope of his plans. The reaction after 1815 was unfavourable to the reforms and brought the agricultural reorganization to a halt, and the establishment of a representative assembly, which Hardenberg urged until his death, was postponed until 1847.
As Hardenberg grew older, respect for his ideas increasingly declined in political circles. While patriots and reformers found him too accommodating and conciliatory, in the eyes of advocates of the return to absolutist rule he was too liberal. By 1822 his great diplomatic achievements and notable domestic reforms of 1810–13 had been largely forgot...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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12 de may. de 2022 · Christian Ludwig von Hardenberg, born September 18, 1663 (Tuesday), deceased December 6, 1736 (Thursday) aged 73 years old. Married January 4, 1694 (Monday) to. Katharina Sibylle von Dörnberg, born May 4, 1669 (Saturday), deceased July 18, 1767 (Saturday) - Hannover, Allemagne aged 98 years old.
Christian Ludwig von Hardenberg (* 3. November 1700 in Hardenberg; † 26. November 1781 in Hannover) war deutscher hannoverscher Feldmarschall . Inhaltsverzeichnis. 1 Herkunft. 2 Leben. 3 Familie. 4 Literatur. 5 Einzelnachweise. Herkunft. Christian Ludwig von Hardenberg entstammte dem niedersächsischen Adelsgeschlecht derer von Hardenberg.
