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Even before the Edict of Fontainebleau ( October 1685 ), Charles adopted on 18 April 1685 the Freiheits-Concession[ "Freedom Concession" ], promising the exiles from France, the Huguenots and Waldensians, free settlement and their own churches and schools. In the following years, about 4000 the Protestants fled persecution in their homelands for No...

Landgrave Charles continued the design of the hillside park, Wilhelmshöhe [ "William's Peak" ] in the Habichtswald [ "Hawk Forest" ], now a nature preserve west of Kassel. In particular, it was the construction of the Hercules monument that brought the Italian-inspired cascades and other water features to the park. Under his rule, the Moritzaue [ "...

Charles married his first cousin, Maria Amalia of Courland ( 1653-1711 ), the daughter of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had with her seventeen children, fourteen of which lived long enough to have names: 1. William ( 29 March 1674 – 25 July 1676 ) 2. Charles ( 24 February 1675 – 7 December 1677 ) 3. Friedrich ( 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751 )...

After the death of his wife in 1713, Charles had a relationship with Jeanne Marguerite de Frere, Marquise de Langallerie, with whom he had a son, Charles Frederic Philippe de Gentil, Marquis de Langallerie, who died early. Charles secured in the same way the financial security of children who had come with his mistress. After the Marquise de Langal...