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Shams ud-Din Kayumars (Persian: شمس الدین کیومرث), also known by his regnal name, Shamsuddin II (Persian: شمس الدین دوم; c. 1285 – 13 June 1290, reigned in 1290) was a son of Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad, the eleventh sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
- 1 February 1290 – 13 June 1290
- Islam
Sultans of Delhi were the rulers of the Muslim empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526).
- Early Life
- As A Regent of Kayumars
- Ascension to The Throne
- Malik Chajju's Revolt
- Mongol Invasion
- Ranthambore Campaign
- Conspiracies Against Jalal-Ud-Din
- Ali Gurshasp's Conspiracy
- Assassination
Jalal-ud-din was a member of the Khalaj tribe, a tribe of originally Turkic origin that after migration from Turkistan had settled in Afghanistan for over 200 years, adopting many Afghan customs. The result was the birth of a Turko-Afghanculture. The contemporary chronicles of the Delhi Sultanate do not provide much information about Jalaluddin's b...
When Qaiqabad was incurably paralyzed, Malik Surkha and his associate Malik Kachhan appointed his infant son Kayumars (or Kayumarth) on the throne with the title Shamsuddin II. The two nobles then conspired to kill their rival nobles, including Jalal-ud-din (then Malik Firuz). At this time, Jalal-ud-din was conducting an inspection of the royal arm...
Jalal-ud-din (known as Malik Firuz until this point), ascended the throne of Delhi in June 1290, at the unfinished Kilokhri (also Kilughari or Kailugarhi) Palace near Delhi. At the time of his ascension, Jalal-ud-din was very unpopular. He had little support among the old Turkic nobles, who viewed him as an Afghan (Pashtun), believing him to be of ...
While the general public admired Jalal-ud-din as a kind-hearted and sincere person, a section of nobles despised him as a weak ruler. In August 1290, Balban's nephew Malik Chajju Kashli Khan, who now headed the former royal family, staged a revolt against Jalal-ud-din at Kara. Chajju seems to have opted for the governorship of the easternmost provi...
Sometime after Chajju's revolt, the Mongols invaded the north-west frontier of the Delhi Sultanate. The invasion was led by Abdullah, who was a grandson of Hallu (Hulagu Khan) according to Ziauddin Barani, and a son of "the prince of Khurasan" according to Yahya's Tarikh-i Mubarak Shahi. The frontier provinces of Dipalpur, Multan, and Samana were g...
The Chahamana king Hammira-deva ruled a kingdom centred around Ranthambore, located to the south-west of Delhi. Hammira's expansionist policy had threatened the Ajmer and Haryanafrontiers of the Delhi Sultanate, which prompted Jalal-ud-din to invade his kingdom.
Conspiracy of Tajuddin Kuchi
Several of Jalal-ud-Din's courtiers believed that he was a weak king, who could not inspire the necessary fear among his subjects and the enemies of the Sultanate. During the Ranthambore campaign, some of his closest associates met at the house of Malik Tajuddin Kuchi. In a drunken stupor, they talked about killing Jalal-ud-Din and raising Tajuddin to throne. When Jalal-ud-din became aware of this, he summoned the erring courtiers to a private conference. But instead of punishing them, he sha...
Alleged conspiracy of Sidi Maula
Jalal-ud-Din was lenient towards his detractors, and even the most persistent detractors were only banished to their iqtasfor one year. The only instance in which he meted out more severe punishments was during the alleged conspiracy of Sidi Maula. Sidi Maula was a foreign-born religious leader, who belonged to a sect of unorthodox Muslim dervishes. He owned a huge khanqah, and had been reputed for his vast charities since the reign of Qaiqabad. His institution attracted most of the disposses...
After deposing Malik Chajju, Jalal-ud-din had appointed his nephew Ali Gurshasp (later Sultan Alauddin Khalji) as the governor of Kara (on the banks of Ganges, 69 km west of the city of Allahabad in present Kaushambi district in Uttar Pradesh). Ali's father had died when he was young, and Jalal-ud-din had brought him and his brother Almas Beg (late...
In July 1296, Jalal-ud-din marched to Kara with a large army to meet Ali during the holy month of Ramzan. He directed his commander Ahmad Chap to take the major part of the army to Kara by land, while he himself journeyed down the Ganges River with 1,000 soldiers. When Jalal-ud-din's entourage came close to Kara, Ali sent Almas Beg to meet him. Alm...
- 13 June 1290
- Sunni Islam
- 13 June 1290 – 19 July 1296
- Alauddin Khalji
3 de mar. de 2023 · In 1290, after Muiz-ud-Din’s death, he succeeded over as Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He was the Mamluk/ Slave Dynasty ‘s eleventh & the last sultan, ruling the Delhi Sultanate . In this article, we will explore the life and legacy of Shamsuddin Kayumars, examining his rise to power, the challenges he faced, and the end of the ...
And soon after this, Jalal-ud-din’s sons marched to Delhi, entered the royal palace, and captured the young Sultan Kayumars. He was brought to the camp of Jalal-ud-Din safely. After all the rivals were reduced and the throne of Delhi was now safe and Kayumars was acknowledged as the sultan of Delhi.
This sumptuous page, The Court of Gayumars (also spelled Kayumars— see top of page, details below and large image here), comes from an illuminated manuscript of the Shahnama (Book of Kings)—an epic poem describing the history of kingship in Persia (what is now Iran).
15 de may. de 2022 · Shams ud-Din Kayumars (c. 1285 – 13 June 1290, reigned in 1290) was a son of Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad, the eleventh sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
