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1815. Marshal of the Empire was a civil dignity in the First French Empire between 1804 and 1815. The successor of the dignity, the Marshal of France, is a five-star rank with a NATO code of OF-10, equivalent to an Admiral of France in the French Navy. The distinction was used sporadically and was vacant during parts of its history. [1]
Murat was named a Marshal of the Empire on the proclamation of the French Empire. He took part in various battles including those of Ulm, Austerlitz, Jena and Eylau, where he led a famous massed cavalry charge against the Russians. In 1806, Murat was appointed Grand Duke of Berg, a title he held until 1808 when he was named King of Naples.
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, 1st Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr ( French pronunciation: [loʁɑ̃ də ɡuvjɔ̃ sɛ̃ siʁ]; 13 April 1764 – 17 March 1830) was a French military commander in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars who rose to the rank of Marshal of the Empire. He is regarded as Napoleon 's finest commander in defensive ...
List of field marshals of the Ottoman Empire. The following officers held the rank of Field Marshal in the Ottoman army. 25 June 1832 – Muhammad Ali Pasha (1769–1849) 12 November 1849 – Abbas I Hilmi Pasha (1812–1854) 25 August 1854 – Muhammed Said Pasha (1822–1876) 1864 – Omer Pasha – (1806–1871) 19 July 1868 – Muhammed ...
It was restored as Marshal of the Empire during the First French Empire by Napoleon. Under the Bourbon Restoration, the title reverted to Marshal of France, and Napoleon III kept that designation. After the fall of Napoleon III and the Second French Empire , the Third Republic did not use the title until the First World War , when it was recreated as a military distinction and not a rank.
Field marshal ( General-feldmarshal, General-fel'dmarshal, General field marshal, or simply Fieldmarshal; Russian: Генерал-фельдмаршал) was, with the exception of Generalissimo, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire. It was a military rank of the 1st class in the Imperial Russian Army and equal to those of Chancellor ...
Kutuzov studied military and civil subjects there, learned to speak French, German and English fluently, and later studied Polish, Swedish, and Turkish; his linguistic skills served him well throughout his career. In October 1759, he became a corporal. In 1760, he became a mathematics instructor at the school.
