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  1. Alessandro de' Medici (22 July 1510 – 6 January 1537), nicknamed "il Moro" due to his dark complexion, Duke of Penne and the first Duke of the Florentine Republic (from 1532), was ruler of Florence from 1530 to his death in 1537. [2] The first Medici to rule Florence as a hereditary monarch, Alessandro was also the last Medici from the senior ...

  2. As Gonfaloniere di Giustizia he was the temporary standard-bearer of the Republic of Florence and custodian of the city's banner, which was displayed from the yardarm of a portable cross. Along with the voting rights of the other Priori, he was also in charge of the internal security forces and the maintenance of public order. [2]

  3. Siena rivaled Florence in the arts throughout the 13th and 14th centuries: the important late medieval painter Duccio (1253–1319) was a Sienese, but worked across the peninsula. The mural titled "Allegory of Good Government" ( Italian : Allegoria del Buon Governo ) painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1338–39 at the Palazzo Pubblico , Siena's town hall, is considered a magnificent example of ...

  4. Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap. Download coordinates as: KML. GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) This category includes historical sieges in which city-state and Duchy of Florence ( 1115 – 1569) participated. Please see the category guidelines for more information.

  5. Category. : Battles involving the Republic of Florence. This category includes historical battles in which city-state and Duchy of Florence ( 1115 – 1569) participated. Please see the category guidelines for more information.

  6. Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. Cosimo and Lorenzo rarely held official posts but were the unquestioned leaders.

  7. Großherzogtum Toskana. Die Republik Florenz, offiziell die Florentiner Republik ( italienisch Repubblica Fiorentina, oder Repubblica di Firenze ), war ein mittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher Staat, dessen Zentrum die Stadt Florenz in der Toskana war. [1] [2] Die Republik entstand 1115, als das florentinische Volk nach dem Tod von Mathilde ...