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The North German Thaler currency of 24 gutegroschen is 3 ⁄ 4 of specie, or 12 to a Mark, or 19.488 g silver; and; The South German & Austrian Gulden of 60 kreuzer is 1 ⁄ 2 of specie, or 18 to a Mark, or 12.992 g silver.
The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver. A larger currency convention in 1857 replaced the Prussian thaler with the Vereinsthaler of 16 + 2 ⁄ 3 g fine silver, equivalent to 1 North German thaler , 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 Austro-Hungarian florins , or 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden .
Württemberg used the South German gulden as its currency until 1873. Until 1824, the Gulden was a unit of account and was used to denominate banknotes but was not issued as a coin. It was worth 5⁄12 of a Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer Landmünze . The first Gulden coins were issued in 1824.
In 1837, the Prussian thaler was fixed at 1 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden - hence 9.545 g fine silver per gulden. The North German thaler , valued at 3 ⁄ 4 a Conventionsthaler or 13 1 ⁄ 3 to a Cologne Mark fine silver at the start of the 19th century, was revalued in the 1840s at par with the Prussian thaler , at 14 to a Mark, though with varying subdivisions.
It spread in the 15th and 16th centuries throughout the south of the German-speaking area. The Imperial Coinage Act of 1551 made them the unit for small silver coins. In 1559 a value of 60 kreuzers to 1 gulden had been adopted throughout the southern states of the Holy Roman Empire , but the northern German states declined to join, and used the groschen instead of the kreuzer.
Since the Gulden was worth 60 Kreuzer, 1 Batzen in Bern, Freiburg and Solothurn also corresponded to one fifteenth of a Gulden. Later there were also Grossi ("thick ones", i.e. Groschen) worth 5 Batzen. Other places of the Old Confederation and some southern German states soon followed Bern's example. Zürich minted 16 Batzen to the Gulden from ...
Baden thaler. The Thaler was a coin issued by Baden of varying equivalents to its currency, the South German gulden, each of 60 kreuzer. Beginning in 1690, the Reichsthaler specie coin of 25.984 g fine silver was issued for 2 gulden. After 1754, the Conventionsthaler of 23.3856 g fine silver was issued for 2.4 gulden (2 gulden, 24 kreuzer).
