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Hace 3 días · In response to the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, the Treaty of Venice made official the independence of the Papal States from the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. By 1300, the Papal States, along with the rest of the Italian principalities, were effectively independent.
- Parliament (1848)
Hace 3 días · The Holy Roman Empire was a limited elective monarchy composed of hundreds of state-like entities. In the Dutch–Hanseatic War (1438–1441), a privateer war mostly waged by Wendish towns, the merchants of Amsterdam sought and eventually won free access to the Baltic.
Hace 1 día · Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the contemporary Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner of the line of Holy Roman Emperors that lasted into the nineteenth century.
- 9 October 768 – 28 January 814
- Bertrada of Laon
Hace 3 días · In any case, the German historian Georg Schmidt has proposed that the Holy Roman Empire, as an elective monarchy and decentralised ‘composite state’ not unlike other early modern European monarchies, should be viewed as a German nation-state which provided a legal framework for the German nation.
Hace 3 días · Vatican City, landlocked ecclesiastical state, seat of the Roman Catholic Church, and an enclave in Rome, situated on the west bank of the Tiber River. Vatican City is the world’s smallest fully independent nation-state. Its medieval and Renaissance walls form its boundaries except on the southeast at St. Peter’s Square (Piazza San Pietro).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hace 2 días · Roman Catholicism is a Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization. Along with Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism, it is one of the three major branches of Christianity. It is led by the pope, as the bishop of Rome, and the Holy See forms the church’s central government.
Hace 1 día · Rome, historic city and the capital of Italy. It is in the central part of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber River. Once capital of an ancient republic and empire and seat of the Roman Catholic Church, it became the site of major pinnacles of artistic and intellectual development and is called the Eternal City.
