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The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn (771–476 BC) [1] and Warring States periods (475–221 BC) were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia.
Merlon. A merlon is the solid upright section of a battlement (a crenellated parapet) in medieval architecture or fortifications. [1] Merlons are sometimes pierced by narrow, vertical embrasures or slits designed for observation and fire. The space between two merlons is called a crenel, and a succession of merlons and crenels is a crenellation ...
v. t. e. A Zwinger [a] ( German pronunciation: [ˈt͡svɪŋɐ]) is an open kill zone area between two defensive walls that is used for defensive purposes. [1] Zwinger s were built in the post-classical and early modern periods to improve the defence of castles and town walls. The term is usually left untranslated, [2] but is sometimes rendered ...
Lunette (fortification) In fortification, a lunette was originally an outwork of half-moon shape; later it became a redan with short flanks, in trace somewhat resembling a bastion standing by itself without curtains on either side. The gorge was generally open. [1] [2]
Hanoi [a] ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội ⓘ) is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam. As evident by the literal translation of its name – 'inside the river' [17] – portions of Hanoi's border are delineated by the Red and Black Rivers. As a municipality, Hanoi consists of 12 urban districts, 17 rural districts, and one district ...
Castle of Topoľčany in Slovakia. Medieval fortification refers to medieval military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare, and in turn were modified to suit new tactics ...
Entrenchment (fortification) In fortification, the term entrenchment ( Italian: trincieramento, Maltese: trunċiera) can refer to either a secondary line of defence within a larger fortification (better known as a retrenchment ), or an enceinte designed to provide cover for infantry, having a layout similar to a city wall but on a smaller scale.
