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Overview. During this period, Italy—and in the fifteenth century, Florence above all—is the seat of an artistic, humanistic, technological, and scientific flowering known as the Renaissance. Founded primarily on the rediscovery of classical texts and artifacts, Renaissance culture looks to heroic ideals from antiquity and promotes the study ...
Florence and Tuscany undergo upheavals during the Napoleonic period, followed by restoration of the grand duchy in the early 19th century. The mid-century brings the successful struggle to be free of Austrian rule and the establishment of the independent kingdom of Italy - of which Florence is the provisional capital, from 1865, until Rome is captured in 1870.
Florence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a long period as a flourishing trading and banking medieval commune, it was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. It was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th to 16th centuries.
- Roman Era
- Early Middle Ages
- Middle Ages
- Renaissance & Beyond
- Invasion of Napoleon
- Italian Reunification
- Modern Era
In 59 B.C., the Roman general Julius Caesartook his legions across the Alps into Gaul capturing territory. With grants of land from Caesar, many of his soldiers settled in Florence. Rome named its new city Florentia, which translates to the Flowering City. Rome needed cities like Florentia to govern its far flung empire and the people they had conq...
The period after the fall of the Roman Empire was initially referred to as the Dark Ages. Nowadays, this period of history is called the Early Middle Ages. The person responsible for bringing Europe out of the dark ages was Charlemagne. He was a fierce warrior, but also encouraged culture and education. Some historians consider Charlemagne the firs...
In the 12th and 13th centuries, urban centers were reborn. However, trade and increased wealth gave rise to a divisive political conflict between the wealthy merchants (Guelfs) and the land owning nobles (Gibellines). The merchants wanted more power. The Holy Roman Emperor backed the nobles. The pope backed the merchants, trying to claw back power....
Lorenzo the Magnificent
The most powerful and famous Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent. He essentially kicked off the golden age of the Renaissance, when Florentine arts were at its zenith. Lorenzo’s palace was a lived in art gallery. At his humanist court, Lorenzo gathered together the leading artists, intellectuals, and philosophers of the day. Even Michelangelo lived at the Medici palacein his youth. Lorenzo also had a passion for poetry. He was the most significant poet of his time in Florence, after his friend...
Pazzi Conspiracy
While Lorenzo had the support of the Florentine public, other families were jealous of the Medici’s power. In 1478, the Pazzi family tried, but failed, to oust the Medici in Florence’s most infamous coup attempt. The Pazzi plotted to kill both Lorenzo and his brother Giuliano during high mass at the Duomo. Giuliano was murdered at the high altar. Lorenzo was wounded, but managed to escape by hiding in the Medici Chapel. In just a few hours, the Pazzi conspirators (including the pope’s nephew)...
Savonarola
The late 15th century witnessed the emergence of Savonarola. He was an austere Dominican friar whose fiery sermons predicted the end of the world. Opinion about him varied greatly. Some hailed him as a prophet and others condemned him as a terrorist. Savonarola staunchly opposed the opulence of the Renaissance, yearning for a return to the Middle Ages. He vehemently criticized the excessive power wielded by clergy and despots, urging Florentines to embrace piety and self-censorship to redeem...
On April 2, 1796, Bonaparte led his army into Italy and conquered the Italian peninsula. The northern part of Italy was annexed into the French Empire. The rest of Italy was divided in to Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Naples. The period of French occupation introduced new ideas in Italy. The last vestiges of feudalism were erased. The concept...
In 1861, Italy was unified and the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed. Victor Emmanuel II became the first king. But Italy needed a capital city. Rome was the obvious choice. The problem was that the pope didn’t want to become part of this new country. He didn’t want to lose his own fiefdom. So what happened was an in house divorce. Vatican City becam...
Florence escaped mostly intact during WWII. It’s said the Hitler himself ordered Ponte Vecchio to be saved. Since WWII, Florence and other Tuscan towns have been transformed, with a revitalized wine, fashion, and tourism industry. In 1966, Florence suffered a great disaster when catastrophic flooding of the Arno damaged precious works of art. The w...
Countries. Italy. Florence. Italy: Bologna - Catania - Genoa - Milan - Naples - Palermo - Rome - Turin - Venice. Events in Florence History. Battle at Florence. 0406-08-23 Battle at Florence: Stilicho 's Roman army beats Radagaisus' Barbarians. Roman General Stilicho.
Learn everything about the history of Duomo Florence, including its construction, challenges faced during the construction, timeline and more before visiting.
14 de jul. de 2019 · By the first half of the 16th century, the Renaissance was impacting and impacted by political events throughout Europe. In 1503, Julius II was appointed pope, bringing in the start of the Roman Golden Age. Henry VIII came to power in England in 1509 and Francis I succeeded to the French Throne in 1515.
