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The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine ( German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen ).
Hesse-Darmstadt, former landgraviate, grand duchy, and state of Germany. It was formed in 1567 in the division of old Hesse; after Hesse-Kassel was absorbed by Prussia in 1866, Hesse-Darmstadt was usually known simply as Hesse. Hesse-Darmstadt was originally only the small territory of Upper.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (1806–1918) Annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia Hesse-Barchfeld (2nd creation) (1813–1866) Hesse-Philippsthal (2nd creation) (1813–1866) Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (2nd creation) (1813–1866) Hesse-Rotenburg (2nd creation) (1813–1834) Hesse-Homburg (2nd creation) (1815–1866)
- 1264
- Ernest Louis (as grand duke)
- Henry I (as landgrave)
- His Royal Highness
- Early Life
- First Marriage
- Military Career
- Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
- Second Marriage
- Death
- Honours
Louis was born at the Prinz-Karl-Palais in Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine in the German Confederation, the first son and child of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (23 April 1809 – 20 March 1877) and Princess Elisabeth of Prussia (18 June 1815 – 21 March 1885), granddaughter of King Frederick William II of Prussi...
On 1 July 1862, Louis married Princess Alice, a daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. On the day of the wedding, the Queen issued a royal warrant granting her new son-in-law the style of Royal Highness in the United Kingdom. The Queen also subsequently made Prince Louis a knight of the Order of the...
During the Austro-Prussian Warof 1866, Louis commanded the Hessian cavalry in support of the Austrian side. The Austrians were defeated in the war, and the Hessian grand duchy was in jeopardy of being awarded as the spoils of war to victorious Prussia, which annexed some of Austria's other allies (Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, Nassau). Hesse-Darmstadt app...
In March 1877, Louis became heir presumptiveto the Hessian throne when his father died and, less than three months later, found himself reigning grand duke upon the demise of his uncle, Louis III. A year and a half later, however, Grand Duke Louis was stricken with diphtheria along with most of his immediate family. He recovered; but his four-year-...
Grand Duchess Alice having died in 1878, Louis IV contracted a morganatic marriage on 30 April 1884 in Darmstadt (on the eve of the wedding of his eldest daughter, for which Queen Victoria and other relatives of his first wife were gathered in the Hessian capital) with Countess Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska (3 September 1854 – 8 May 1941), daughte...
Grand Duke Ludwig IV died of a heart attack in the New Palace in Darmstadt on 13 March 1892. He was succeeded by his son, Ernest Louis.
German orders and decorationsForeign orders and decorations- 17 March 1892, Rosenhöhe, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse, German Empire
- Hesse-Darmstadt
Hesse-Darmstadt (desde 1568, Landgraviato de Hesse-Darmstadt; a partir de 1816, Gran Ducado de Hesse y el Rin) fue un antiguo Estado del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, en el actual territorio de Alemania, y plenamente independiente desde 1806. Su historia comprende desde 1568 hasta 1918.
Hessen-Kassel remains an electorate despite the lack of a Holy Roman empire because being known as the 'Electorate of Hesse' differentiates it from the grand duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt, the junior of the two states which is now superior in rank thanks to its title.
The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine ( German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 to 1918. The grand duchy originally formed from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse ( German: Großherzogtum Hessen ).
