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Except for the fortress and its immediate vicinity, Luxembourg was considered a province of the new Belgian state from 1830 to 1839. By the Treaty of London in 1839, the status of the grand duchy became fully sovereign and in personal union to the king of the Netherlands.
Consequently, it was not surprising that Luxembourg supported the Belgian revolution against William in 1830, and, in October of that year, the Belgian government announced that the grand duchy was a part of Belgium, while William still claimed the duchy as his own.
- Véronique Lambert
The period from 1830 to 1839 is considered a challenging one in the history of Luxembourg. It was one of the poorest regions in Europe, lacking infrastructure, and characterised by subsistence agriculture and run-down small industrial establishments.
... the History of Luxembourg. The history of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg dates back to 1815. The French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte had conquered much of Europe but his disastrous campaign against Russia in 1812 foreshadowed the end of his rule.
From Siegfried to Grand Duke Henri, Luxembourg has passed through the hands of several dynasties. A rich history strewn with political and dynastic ups and downs, which saw the country rise to the rank of Grand Duchy in 1815 before finally becoming independent in 1890, marking the end of the personal union with the Netherlands.
Society and culture. History. A country's renaissance Small steps towards independence. The period from the 16th to the 19th centuries is often seen as an era of foreign dominion. In contrast, the 1815 Vienna Congress is seen as contemporary Luxembourg's date of birth.
William I negotiated a customs union for Luxembourg with Prussia, and his successor, William II, ratified this treaty in 1842. Against its own will, Luxembourg had thus entered into the Prussian-led Zollverein (“Customs Union”), but the grand duchy soon realized the advantages of this economic union.
