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The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie.
- Overview
- Early life
- Stadholder
William III (born November 14 [November 4, Old Style], 1650, The Hague, Netherlands—died March 19 [March 8], 1702, London, England) stadholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands as William III (1672–1702) and king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1689–1702), reigning jointly with Queen Mary II (until her death in 1694). He directed the Eu...
The son of William II, prince of Orange, and of Mary, the daughter of Charles I of England, William was born at The Hague in November 1650, eight days after his father’s death. As stadholder of five of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, William II had recently incurred the enmity of a powerful minority of a republican oligarchy that dominated the province of Holland and the city of Amsterdam. After his death this party determined to exclude the house of Orange from power, and the Act of Seclusion (1654) debarred the prince of Orange and his descendants from holding office in the state.
William III’s education, nevertheless, was, from the first, the training of a ruler. Contemporaries agree that he was a boy of great vivacity and charm, but frequent quarrels between his mother and his paternal grandmother disturbed his childhood and may have helped to breed the habit of reserve that was intensified by the difficulties of his later life. In 1660, after his uncle Charles II’s restoration to the English throne, the Act of Seclusion was rescinded. Shortly afterward his mother died, leaving him to the guardianship of his grandmother and of his uncle Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg.
Early in 1666 he was made a ward of the States General, the representative assembly of the United Provinces. Under Johan de Witt, the grand pensionary of Holland, he acquired a specialized knowledge of public business. His exceptional promise and the popular devotion he had inherited made it impossible to deny him all advancement, but the Perpetual Edict (1667) decreed that the offices of stadholder and captain general, formerly held simultaneously by the princes of Orange, should never again be held by the same person.
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In 1671 it became clear that Louis XIV of France and Charles II of England were planning a joint attack on the United Provinces, and demands for William’s appointment as captain general became insistent. He was appointed in February 1672, though at first with very limited authority. In March and April Charles and Louis declared war, and in June French troops crossed the Rhine River and overran three provinces in as many weeks. The Dutch navy was able to hold the English in check, but the army had been neglected and was ill-trained and ill-equipped. As a last expedient the polders, or low-lying areas, were flooded, and William, with his few unseasoned troops, was left to defend the “water line.”
Panic broke out in the country, and there were angry demands for the prince’s elevation to the stadholderate. The few dissenters were overruled, and on July 8 (New Style) he was proclaimed stadholder by the States General, later ratified by the provincial estates of the occupied provinces. One of his first acts, done with the States’ approval, was to refuse the ruinous peace terms offered by the two kings. Civil disorders, however, were not over. On August 20 Johan de Witt and his brother, who were unjustly suspected of treachery, were murdered by an infuriated mob at The Hague. William was in no way implicated in the crime and was enraged when he heard of it, but, because of the number of the murderers and perhaps because of the general revolutionary situation, he failed to bring them to justice.
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William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), [b] also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his deat...
- 1689 – 8 March 1702
- Mary, Princess Royal
2 James VI of Scotland became also James I of England in 1603. Upon accession to the English throne, he styled himself "King of Great Britain" and was so proclaimed. Legally, however, he and his successors held separate English and Scottish kingships until the Act of Union of 1707, when the two kingdoms were united as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
NameDynasty Or HouseReignSaxon802–839Aethelwulf (Ethelwulf)Saxon839–856/858Aethelbald (Ethelbald)Saxon855/856–860Aethelberht (Ethelbert)Saxon860–865/866- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
1603–1625), the monarch of the Union of the Crowns, proclaimed himself "King of Great Britain", and used it on coinage, stamps and elsewhere, the Parliament of England had refused to use that style in statutory law or address.
NamePortraitArmsBirthCharles III [18] Charles Philip Arthur ...14 November 1948 Buckingham Palace Son of ...(1) Diana Spencer St Paul's Cathedral 29 ...Living Age 75Elizabeth II [16] Elizabeth Alexandra ...21 April 1926 Mayfair Daughter of George ...Philip of Greece and Denmark Westminster ...8 September 2022 Balmoral Castle Aged 96George VI [15] Albert Frederick Arthur ...14 December 1895 Sandringham House Son of ...Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Westminster Abbey 26 ...6 February 1952 Sandringham House Aged ...Edward VIII [14] Edward Albert Christian ...23 June 1894 White Lodge Son of George V ...Wallis Simpson Château de Candé 3 June ...28 May 1972 Neuilly-sur-Seine Aged 772 de oct. de 2022 · William III Hendrik van Oranje-Nassau, King of England, Ireland, Scotland (1650 - 1702) - Genealogy. William III King of the United Kingdom, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland & Zealand, & Guelders & Utrecht & Overijssel. ‹ Back to van Oranje-Nassau surname. View Complete Profile.
Hace 1 día · In 1650, Charles did a deal with the Scots and was proclaimed king. With a Scottish army he invaded England but was defeated by Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. He again escaped...
