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Hace 6 días · Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century ce to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors).
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- Middle Ages
- Overview
- Myth: Medieval people were filthy
- Myth: Medieval people believed the world was flat
- Myth: Medieval Europe was homogenous and provincial
- Myth: the medieval period was a 'dark' time of irrationality
Did people bathe? Did everyone believe the Earth was flat? What you think you know about the “Dark Ages” is probably wrong.
A time of innovation, philosophy, and legendary works of art: the realities of the medieval period (500 to 1500 C.E.) in Europe may surprise you.
Many know the years before the Renaissance and Enlightenment that followed as Europe’s “Dark Ages,” a time of backward, slovenly, and brutal people who were technologically primitive and hopelessly superstitious.
But it turns out the Dark Ages was anything but. Here are four myths about the medieval world it’s time we moved past.
Sure, it would take until the 19th century for the germ theory of disease to overtake the concept of humors and “miasmas” that could damage human health. But the common image of medieval people as slovenly, unwashed, and lacking hygiene is false.
In fact, both indoor and outdoor bathing were beloved in Europe. People not only made and used soap at home, but they frequented bathhouses—some public, some private, some merely fronts for brothels.
They even had elaborate rituals around handwashing before meals, especially in aristocratic circles. While peasants washed their hands, too, members of the aristocracy used lavish lavatories where they washed their hands as minstrels serenaded them. If dining with the king, they would wait for the monarch to publicly bathe his hands before sitting—proof of his powerful status.
Modern historians believe that handwashing only faded during the supposedly more enlightened 16th century, when the fork began replacing diners’ washed fingers at Renaissance tables.
A myth persists that during the Middle Ages, the unenlightened believed Earth was flat and worried that ships might even fall off the planet’s edge.
That’s patently false: People knew the planet was a sphere as far back as ancient Greece (12th to 9th centuries B.C.), and had relatively complex astronomical and planetary knowledge by the time Christopher Columbus made his voyage to the Americas in 1492.
Though travel was rudimentary compared to the modern age, racial, gender and even sexual diversity could be found throughout medieval society.
One 2019 study, for example, used DNA from bones in a Black Death cemetery in London to reveal a more diverse city than previously thought. The analysis of 41 people revealed seven different places of origin, people of African ancestry, and people with dual white European and black African heritage.
Nor were queer people absent from Middle Age societies. Though the Catholic Church taught that homosexuality was sinful, attitudes toward same-sex desire varied. Historians point to evidence of gender nonconformity and close same-sex relationships in medieval artwork and literature.
And not all medieval women were confined to domestic duties. In fact, some women became leaders in war, musicians, scientists, scribes, and political power players—though education was still off-limits to most women.
The so-called “Dark Ages” is a myth historians have spent years trying to disprove. The myth seems to stem from some authors’ use of “dark” to refer to everything from a 14th-century poet’s complaints about the quality of local literature to a 17th-century historian’s failed attempt to find historical sources from centuries earlier.
Despite the era’s dark reputation, though, everything from scholarship to art and technology thrived during the Middle Ages. The age produced everything from the first eyeglasses to mechanical timekeeping, the heavy plow, and moveable type—three inventions that would enable the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment. Gunpowder weapons revolutionized warfare forever, while mapmakers managed to create astonishingly accurate maps of the world.
Meanwhile, the formation of guilds allowed artists to rise from the peasantry into roles as coveted craftspeople, while everything from illuminated manuscripts to tapestry and sculpture thrived during the era. Heironymus Bosch, a Dutch painter known for his outlandish religious paintings, and Giotto di Bondone, whose frescoes and architecture added artistic cachet to Italy’s Gothic cathedrals, are just a few of the medieval artists who became famous names in their day.
In fact, medieval people set the stage for the Renaissance. They even had three of their own, creating an explosion of art, scientific innovation, and a renewed world of academia.
I f the twelfth century was the peak of the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the thirteenth century (or the 1200s) offered clear signs that the medieval period was drawing to a close. The Crusades continued, but the crusading spirit lost force; and though the church reached the pinnacle of its powers in the mid-1200s, other elements were gaining ...
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan , which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe .
25 Things from Everyday Life in the Middle Ages. If you lived during the Middle Ages, what kind of things would you have? Here is a guide to some of the everyday items that a medieval person would have used or had. Anvils – one of the instruments typically used by blacksmiths, anvils are heavy blocks of metal.
22 de abr. de 2010 · People use the phrase “Middle Ages” to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.
Event. c. 1200. The new Christian doctrine of Transubstantiation prompts rumours that the Jews desecrate the consecrated Host. Go to transubstantiation in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 12th century. Religion. Christianity. Judaism.
