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Matilda's mother died at the time when the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII was escalating. Matilda and Beatrice were among Gregory VII's closest confidants. From the beginning he took both into his confidence and let them know about his plans against the Roman-German king.
26 de mar. de 2024 · 1046, Lucca, Tuscany. Died: July 24, 1115, Bondeno, Romagna (aged 69) Role In: Investiture Controversy. Matilda of Canossa (born 1046, Lucca, Tuscany—died July 24, 1115, Bondeno, Romagna) was the countess of Tuscany remembered for her role in the conflict between the papacy and the Holy Roman emperor.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Early Life
- Papal Alliance & The Investiture Controversy
- The Walk to Canossa
- Civil War
- Campaign Against Henry IV
- The First Crusade & Later Years
- Conclusion
Matilda was a descendent of the House of Canossa, a noble family established by her great-grandfather Atto Adalbert of Lucca (d. 988), a 10th-century Lombard military leader from Lucca and vassal to the German kings of Italy. Adalbert and his son Boniface expanded their domain and by 1027, the Canossa family's influence encompassed the counties of ...
Matilda returned to Italy without Godfrey and governed alongside her mother from their court at Mantua and presided over the land despite Godfrey’s inheritance of the domain. Matilda maneuvered over the following years to establish her influence in Italy with aid from her close ally, Hildebrand of Sovana (c. 1015-1085). Matilda had a strong persona...
In early January 1077 CE, Henry IV crossed the Alps into Lombardy with an army escorting him. Matilda and Gregory VII, upon news of his approach, rerouted to Matilda’s castle at Canossa. After arriving shortly before Henry IV, Matilda and Gregory VII watched the penitent Henry arrive at the Canossa’s walls seeking papal absolution. The events that ...
Later in 1077, Matilda relocated to Rome along the Tiber. As civil war engulfed the empire, she and Gregory VII aligned themselves with Rudolf’s rebellious faction of nobles. The pope issued a second excommunication to Henry IV in 1080, to which the German king again denounced the pope citing, among other things, his alleged adulterous transgressio...
Emperor Henry IV returned to Italy in 1090 to silence Pope Urban II and his openly-rebellious vassals, including the insurgent Matilda. Henry’s imperial army marched south, capturing much of Matilda’s Po Valley holdings. Though peace was offered to Matilda by Henry IV, entailing her submission to his authority and to Clement III, she rejected it ou...
In November 1095, at the behest of the Byzantines, Pope Urban II decreed the launch of the First Crusade (1095-1102) to recapture the holy city of Jerusalem from Muslim control. Years earlier, Matilda supported Pope Gregory VII’s advocacy for Christian intervention in the eastern Mediterraneanagainst Muslim influence. The devout Matilda of Canossa ...
Matilda of Canossa died on 24 July 1115. After her death, Henry V claimed her northern Italian possessions, while the Church claimed the Duchy of Tuscany. Some local leaders in her lands, citing Matilda’s release of towns from their feudal obligations, used the vacuum of power to establish a variety of city-states free of both imperial and church c...
- Michael Griffith
Born in 1046, somewhere in northern Italy (month, day, and place unknown); died on July 15 or 24, 1115, at the monastery of Polirone in northern Italy; daughter of Boniface II, margrave of Canossa and Tuscany, and Beatrice of Lorraine (c. 1020–1076); married Godfrey III the Hunchback (her stepbrother), in 1069 (died 1076); married Welf V of Bava...
25 de mar. de 2017 · Matilda of Tuscany, who had been the most powerful woman in her world during her lifetime, died on July 24, 1115, in Bondeno, Italy. She caught a cold and then realized she was dying, so she freed her surfs and in her last days, made some final financial decisions.
- Jone Johnson Lewis
Matilde de Canossa (en latín: Mathildis; Mantua, 1046-Bondeno di Roncore, 24 de julio de 1115), llamada la Gran Condesa o también conocida como Matilde de Toscana, fue una noble italiana, que destacó como la mayor aliada del papa Gregorio VII durante la Querella de las Investiduras y participó en la mediación entre el citado papa y el emperador Enrique IV en la llamada humillación de ...
6 de feb. de 2017 · Matilda died from gout in 1115, and without an obvious heir, the leading citizens of her cities took control. She was first buried in the Abbey of San Benedetto in Polirone, but she was moved to St. Peter’s Basilica in 1645 at the behest of Pope Urban VIII.
