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The Portuguese Empire (Portuguese: Império Português, European Portuguese: [ĩˈpɛ.ɾju puɾ.tuˈɣeʃ]), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and later overseas territories, governed by the Kingdom of Portugal.
- The Key Colonies
- The North Atlantic Islands
- West Africa & Slavery
- East Africa
- India & Spices
- The Far East
- Brazil
- Southern Africa
- Decline, Decolonization & Legacy
The most important colonies in the Portuguese Empire were: 1. Madeira (founded 1420) 2. Azores (1439) 3. Cape Verde (1462) 4. São Tomé and Principe (1486) 5. Portuguese Cochin(1503) 6. Portuguese Mozambique (1506) 7. Portuguese Goa(1510) 8. Portuguese Malacca(1511) 9. Portuguese Hormuz (1515) 10. Portuguese Colombo (1518) 11. Portuguese Brazil(1532...
The Portuguese were intrepid mariners and so it is entirely appropriate that their first colonies should be relatively remote islands. Searching for new resources and land which might solve Portugal’s deficit in wheat requirements, mariners sailed towards the unknown mid-Atlantic Ocean. The Portuguese navigators were able to mount these expeditions...
The Portuguese, keen to access the West African gold and salt trade, set up several fortified trading settlements along the southern coast (modern Ghana) such as at Elmina in 1482. However, tropical diseases, a lack of manpower, and a reluctance by local rulers to allow male slaves to be exported meant that, at least initially, the profits were lim...
When in 1498 the explorer Vasco da Gama(c. 1469-1524) sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean, suddenly the Portuguese gained access to a whole new trade network involving Africans, Indians, and Arabs. This had been going on for centuries, but when the Portuguese arrived commerce became violent. Using superior ships and cannon...
One of Vasco da Gama’s prime objectives was to find a maritime route to Asia so that Portugal could gain direct access to the lucrative spice trade. Spices like pepper, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon fetched high prices in markets from England to China. When he reached India’s Malabar Coast, the mariner did indeed find a wealth of trade going...
Another Portuguese strategy to control trade was to find the source of the precious spices. Many spices came from one small island group in Indonesia, the Spice Islands (the Maluku Islands or the Moluccas). Most of the spices from these islands were shipped to Malacca (Melaka) on the southwest coast of the Malay peninsula which controlled the Malay...
Brazil was 'discovered' by the Portuguese in 1500, and it would become the most important of all their colonies. Brazil was rich in natural resources such as hardwoods, diamonds, and gold (from the Minas Gerais region). Captaincies were handed out, and São Vicente became the first Portuguese settlement in 1532. The first governor of Brazil was appo...
The Angola region was colonised by the Portuguese from 1571, and it became the first European territorial colony in Africa (as opposed to a mere city-stateor coastal settlement). The Kingdom of Ndongo (formed c. 1500) collapsed, but not before it had been exploited as an ally against Kongo to the north. The Europeans had the advantage of gunpowder ...
Besides an often ever-present threat from local rulers, the Portuguese faced fierce competition from other European maritime powers who soon began to eye enviously their empire. This was especially so given the lack of upkeep of Portuguese forts and the general isolation of individual coastal cities, which had no supporting local population to come...
- Mark Cartwright
A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521843188. McAlister, Lyle N. 1984. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Europe and the world in the Age of Expansion, v. 3. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816612161. Neill, Stephen, and Owen Chadwick. 1990.
19 de jul. de 2021 · Otro aspecto en el que Madeira se convirtió en modelo colonial fue el de las plantaciones de caña de azúcar, creadas a partir de 1455. El éxito de este cultivo y sus grandes necesidades de mano de obra llevó a la importación de esclavos de África Occidental para trabajar en ellas.
- Mark Cartwright
28 de jul. de 2021 · The curiosity and expertise of Portuguese mariners like Vasco da Gama resulted in the exploration of new sea routes down the coast of West Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean to India and beyond. By the time Portuguese Brazil was created, it had truly become the first global, inter-continental empire.
- Mark Cartwright
- Publishing Director
The chronology of the Portuguese Empire can be defined by the different geographical axes that succeeded one another over time (see Maps 30.1–30.4). In the fifteenth century, the empire was organized in the North Atlantic, based on forts in Northwest Africa, trading posts in West Africa, settlements in Madeira, Azores, Cape Verde, and São Tomé.
The Portuguese Empire began to take shape in the fifteenth century with the 1415 conquest of Ceuta, a Muslim-held commercial center on the North African coast opposite Gibraltar. Prince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460), fascinated by Africa by the lure of new trade routes, set in motion a long series of Portuguese voyages and explorations that eventually extended to settlements stretching ...
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