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26 de mar. de 2024 · Reformation, the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century. Its greatest leaders undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John Calvin. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effects, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of ...
- Ninety-five Theses
Ninety-five Theses, propositions for debate concerned with...
- Reformation
A religious movement known as the Reformation swept through...
- Key Facts
The religious revolution known as the Reformation swept...
- Ninety-five Theses
- Dating The Reformation
- The Reformation: Germany and Lutheranism
- The Reformation: Switzerland and Calvinism
- The Reformation: England and The 'Middle Way'
- The Counter-Reformation
- The Reformation’s Legacy
Historians usually date the start of the Protestant Reformation to the 1517 publication of Martin Luther’s “95 Theses.” Its ending can be placed anywhere from the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, which allowed for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany, to the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years’ War. The key ideas of ...
Martin Luther (1483-1546) was an Augustinian monk and university lecturer in Wittenberg when he composed his “95 Theses,” which protested the pope’s sale of reprieves from penance, or indulgences. Although he had hoped to spur renewal from within the church, in 1521 he was summoned before the Diet of Worms and excommunicated. Sheltered by Friedrich...
The Swiss Reformation began in 1519 with the sermons of Ulrich Zwingli, whose teachings largely paralleled Luther’s. In 1541 John Calvin, a French Protestant who had spent the previous decade in exile writing his “Institutes of the Christian Religion,” was invited to settle in Geneva and put his Reformed doctrine—which stressed God’s power and huma...
In England, the Reformation began with Henry VIII’s quest for a male heir. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry, the English king declared in 1534 that he alone should be the final authority in matters relating to the English church. Henry dissolved England’s monasteries to confiscate th...
The Catholic Church was slow to respond systematically to the theological and publicity innovations of Luther and the other reformers. The Council of Trent, which met off and on from 1545 through 1563, articulated the Church’s answer to the problems that triggered the Reformation and to the reformers themselves. The Catholic Church of the Counter-R...
Along with the religious consequences of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation came deep and lasting political changes. Northern Europe’s new religious and political freedoms came at a great cost, with decades of rebellions, wars and bloody persecutions. The Thirty Years’ War alone may have cost Germany 40 percent of its population. But the Refor...
10 de nov. de 2021 · The Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) refers to the widespread religious, cultural, and social upheaval of 16th-century Europe that broke the hold of the medieval Church, allowing for the development of personal interpretations of the Christian message and leading to the development of modern nation-states.
- Joshua J. Mark
- The Protestant Reformation was a reaction to the corruption and abuses of the medieval Catholic Church.
- The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when the German priest Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses challenging the Church's policy on indulgences.
- Although scholars differ on an answer, the dates of the Protestant Reformation are usually given as 1517-1648.
- There were many significant reformers but the three considered the most important are Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Calvin.
- There were many women involved in the Protestant Reformation including Marguerite of Navarre, Marie Dentiere, Argula von Grumbach, and Katharina Ze...
- Effects of the Protestant Reformation include widespread literacy, modern democracy, individualism, civil rights, philosophical skepticism, and rel...
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
History of Europe - Renaissance, Reformation, Wars: The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age.
10 de may. de 2010 · The Reformation of the 16th century, sometimes known as “Protestant Reformation” in order to distinguish it from a Catholic “Reformation,” was a pan-European movement that called for reform of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the entirety of Christian society.
