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Hace 2 días · Pope Alexander II developed a system of recruitment via oaths for military resourcing that his successor Pope Gregory VII extended across Europe. In the 11th century, Christian conflict with Muslims on the southern peripheries of Christendom was sponsored by the Church, including the siege of Barbastro and the Norman conquest of Sicily.
Hace 1 día · 13th-century miniature of Baldwin II of Jerusalem granting the captured Al Aqsa Mosque to Hugues de Payens. The first century of crusading was simultaneous with the Renaissance of the 12th century. Crusading themes were used in the writing that was developing in France and Germany.
Hace 5 días · This volume of collected essays explores the social and cultural history of the city of Rouen between the ‘foundation’ of Normandy under Rollo in 911 and the end of the 13th century.
Hace 5 días · University of Bologna, the oldest university in Europe and one of the oldest and most famous universities in the world, founded in the Italian city of Bologna in the 11th century. It became in the 12th and 13th centuries the principal centre for studies in canon and civil law and attracted students from all over Europe.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Hace 1 día · Almost a millennium ago, in the 11th century AD, the study of Roman law was officially revived in the Italian city of Bologna. Scholars there, such as Irnerius and his successors, known as the Glossators, began to methodically study and analyze the Corpus Juris Civilis. This would be especially consequential in later years.
Hace 4 días · In the 11th century, the Hindu-Arabic numeral system (base 10) had reached Europe via Al-Andalus through Spanish Muslims, together with knowledge of astronomy and instruments like the astrolabe, which was first imported by Gerbert of Aurillac. For that reason, the numerals came to be known in Europe as Arabic numerals despite their ...
Hace 3 días · Rule devolved to the level of the city-state, although the Normans succeeded in establishing a modest empire in southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th century. Many of those city-states flourished during the Renaissance era, a time marked by significant intellectual , artistic, and technological advances but also by savage warfare ...
