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Year 1091 ( MXCI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar . Events. By place. Byzantine Empire. Spring – Tzachas, a Seljuk Turkish military commander, establishes an independent maritime state centred in the Ionian coastal city of Smyrna (modern-day İzmir ).
- AD 1091
Language links are at the top of the page across from the...
- AD 1091
Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.
23 de octubre («17 de octubre», según el calendario juliano ): la ciudad de Londres (Inglaterra) es azotada por un tornado F4, que demuele el puente de Londres, varias iglesias y 600 casas. ( Tornado de Londres de 1091 ). Es el primer tornado registrado en la Historia de Europa, y el más violento. [.
1091 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By area Europe. King William II of England invades Normandy. Ladislaus I of Hungary occupies Slavonia.
- The Taifas
- The Taifa of Málaga
- The Taifa of Seville
- The Taifa of Dénia
- The Taifa of Granada
- Taifas Consolidated
- Christian Tactics and Parias
- The End of The Taifas
- A Legacy of The Parias
Alcazaba Almeria The individual taifas were comprised and led by one or other of the social groups that had emerged since the original occupation in 711 AD. Those groups were: 1. the ruling Arabs who were in a minority 2. Berbers brought in as troops who far outnumbered their superiors 3. Iberian Muslims known as Muladi who made up a significant ov...
Alcazaba Cordoba The Málaga taifa was created in 1026 when Yahya I al-Mu'tali, an Arab of the Hammudid dynasty who had been invited to assume the title of caliph of Córdoba, returned to his secure stronghold of Málaga after being banished by the Córdobans (themselves Arabs). After his expulsion, he united under his rule the coras (you would say mun...
Alcazaba Seville The first king of Seville was Abu al-Qasim (1023–1042). He was qadi of Seville and declared independence from the Caliphate of Córdoba after its downfall in 1031, becoming Abbad I, King of Seville. The second king was his son Abbad II al-Mu'tadid (1042–1069), the last king Muhammad al-Mu'tamid (1069–1091). The kingdom started as a ...
Alcazaba Seville The Dénia taifa was one of the five established by Saqaliba or slaves. It was created in 1010 AD in the early days of the Fitna of al-Andalus, by the former court slave, Mujahid al-Amiri. He had been freed by his master, Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, and became a high functionary in the Caliphate of Córdoba. His was the first taifa to s...
The Taifas The taifa of Granada was unique in al-Andalus and the entire Islamic world. Its origins were in the Jewish township of Elvira. In 1010 AD, during the civil war that swept through the Caliphate of Córdoba, Elvira was destroyed at the same time as the ‘Shining City’, Madinat al-Zahra, by the Berber chief, Zawi ben Ziri. Under his leadershi...
With time, most taifas were absorbed or defeated by their larger Muslim neighbours, until there remained about six grouped around large cities: Zaragoza, Valencia, Toledo, Badajoz, Seville and Granada.
The turmoil within al-Andalus and between the taifas during this period gave the Christian lands to the north several opportunities to expand into the Islamic held territories. The problem the Christian kings faced was that they had neither the military power nor the excess population to inhabit and hold conquered territories. Their tactics evolved...
Islamic law stipulated how much tax could be imposed on the communities within each taifa. Due to the payment of parias this limit had been exceeded in most of the taifas as the kings increased taxes on their subjects to pay the tribute to various Christian states. The general populations, encouraged by the legalistic party within each taifa, the f...
The concept of paying a fee to avoid aggression was formalised in the parias. Parias were the brainchild of the Christian kings and allowed them to take tribute from the Muslim taifas in al-Andalus. Payment of the parias ceased during the 13th century. However the concept lived on and was adopted by the various pashas in North Africa from the 16th ...
The Crusaders threaten the borders of the Fatimid Caliphate which already has lost the Emirate of Sicily (see 1091). December 12 – Siege of Ma'arra : The Crusaders capture the city of Ma'arra after a month's siege and massacre part of the population.
Category:1091 - Wikipedia. Topics specifically related to the year AD 1091. 1086. 1087. 1088. 1089. 1090. 1091. 1092. 1093. 1094. 1095. 1096. 1040s. 1050s. 1060s. 1070s. 1080s. 1090s. 1100s. 1110s. 1120s. 1130s. 1140s. Subcategories. This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. 1091 by country (2 C) / 1091 beginnings (2 C)
