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1138 ( MCXXXVIII) fue un año común comenzado en sábado del calendario juliano . Acontecimientos. 22 de enero: en Italia, un terremoto devasta Benevento. 11 de octubre: en Ganza y Alepo ( Siria) se registra un terremoto de 7,1, que deja un saldo de 230.000 muertos. En España, el rey Alfonso VII proclama el Ordenamiento de Nájera. Nacimientos.
Asia. By topic. Religion. Births. Deaths. References. 1138. King Conrad III (r. 1138–1152) Year 1138 ( MCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar . Events. By place. Europe. March 7 – Conrad III is elected as King of Germany, in the presence of the papal legate Theodwin at Koblenz.
- Background
- Campaigning in 1138 Before The Battle
- Battle
- Aftermath
- Significance of The Battle
- In Historical Fiction
- External Links
David had gained the Scottish throne largely because of the support of his brother-in-law Henry I of England, and he had attempted to remodel Scotland to be more like Henry's England. He had carried out peaceful changes in the areas of Scotland over which he had effective control and had conducted military campaigns against semi-autonomous regional...
David invades Northumberland
David first moved against English castles on the Tweed frontier. Norham Castle belonged to the Bishop of Durham and its garrison was under-strength; it quickly fell. Having failed to rapidly seize the castle at Wark on Tweed, David detached forces to besiege it and moved deeper into Northumberland, demanding contributionsfrom settlements and religious establishments to be spared plunder and burning.
Scots slave-raiding and Anglo-Norman alarm
The actions of the army that invaded England in early 1138 shocked the English chroniclers. Richard of Hexhamrecords that: Monastic chroniclers often deplore depredations made by foreign armies and sometimes even those of their own rulersbut some Scots forces were going beyond normal Norman 'harrying' by systematically carrying off women and children as slaves. In contemporary Britain, this was regarded as a useful source of revenue, like (and not significantly more reprehensible than) cattle...
Scots raid into Craven and the Battle of Clitheroe
In the summer, David's nephew William fitz Duncan marched into Yorkshire and harried Craven; on 10 June, he met and defeated an English force of knights and men-at-arms at the battle of Clitheroe. He also destroyed the recently founded Calder Abbey in Copeland. The choice of targets has no obvious strategic logic; it may be pertinent that William eventually inherited both the Honour of Skipton in Craven, and the Lordship of Copeland, previously held by his father-in-law William de Meschinesan...
Galwegian attack is held and fails
The battle began with a charge by the Galwegian spearmen who The English archery caused disorganisation and heavy casualties in the Scottish ranks. Ailred records the bravery and determination of the Galwegians, together with its ineffectiveness: The Galwegians finally fled after the death of two of their leaders (Domnall and Ulgric); the men of Lothian similarly broke after the earl of Lothianwas killed by an arrow
The King retreats; Prince Henry attacks
David wished to stand and fight, but was forced onto his horse and compelled to retire by his friends. Ailred simply says that the English were advancing; Henry of Huntingdon says that David's 'line' had been progressively melting away.Prince Henry led mounted men in a charge on the Anglo-Norman position, as or just after the Scots foot broke. According to Ailred, Henry successfully broke through and attacked the horse-holders in the rear of the Anglo-Norman position; the 'unarmed men' (i.e....
Scots rout and casualties
The battle lasted no longer than between prime and terce, i.e. between daybreak and mid-morning. In Northern England at the end of August sunrise is roughly 6 a.m. and hence the battle lasted no more than 3½ hours; by not long after 9 a.m. all elements of the Scottish army were in retreat or flight. No numbers are given for total English losses but they are said to have been light; of the knights present, only one was killed. Scottish casualties during the battle proper cannot be separated fr...
End of the campaign
David regrouped his forces at Carlisle; the nobles of Yorkshire did not move North against him, and their local levies dispersed to their homes rejoicing at the victory. Thus, although militarily the battle was a "shattering defeat", it did not reverse David's previous gains. David had the only army still under arms and was left to consolidate his hold on Cumberland and Northumberland. On 26 September Cardinal Alberic, bishop of Ostia, arrived at Carlisle where David had called together his k...
Another peace agreement
Negotiations between David and Stephen continued over the winter months, and on 9 April David's son Henry and Stephen's wife Matilda of Boulogne met each other at Durham and agreed a settlement. Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland and was restored to the earldom of Huntingdon and lordship of Doncaster; David himself was allowed to keep Carlisle and Cumberland. However, Stephen was to retain possession of the strategically vital castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle, and Prince Henry was...
Northern England under Scottish rule
This arrangement lasted for nearly 20 years, and would appear to have been beneficial to both sides. David was able to benefit from the resources of Northern England (for example, the lead mines of the northern Penninesgave him silver from which he was able to strike his own coinage). Northern England did not become involved in the civil war between supporters of Stephen and those of Matilda, although magnates with holdings further south were drawn in. This included David, who despite his pro...
The battle did not stop David achieving his declared war aims. We now know that achieving those aims while England was in turmoil did not prevent all David's gains having to be surrendered when Henry II made the Scottish monarch an offer he could not refuse. Unless David had other undeclared aims and ambitions which defeat at the Standard thwarted,...
In Walter Scott's Ivanhoe(1820), Cedric the Saxon refers to this battle and describes it as "a day of cleaving of shields, when a hundred banners were bent forwards over the heads of the valiant, a...In his novel Lord of the Isles, Nigel Tranter places his hero, Somerled, in the vanguard of the Scottish charge.- 22 August 1138
- Cowton Moor near Northallerton in Yorkshire
- English victory
18 de nov. de 2020 · English vs. Scots: The Battle of the Standard. As Scottish invaders challenged a usurper to the English throne in 1138, their enemies appealed to the heavens. by Murray Dahm 11/18/2020. When the English and Scots clashed at Northallerton, they employed the same sorts of weapons and tactics used at the 1066 Battle of Hastings, depicted here.
22 de ago. de 2019 · On the 22nd August 1138, the Battle of the Standard (also known as the Battle of Northallerton) was fought between a Scottish army under King David I and English forces commanded by William of Aumale.
1138. January 13 or January 14 – Simon I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1076) February 19 – Irene Doukaina, Byzantine empress; May 11 – William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey; May 27 – Hadmar I of Kuenring, German nobleman; June 6 – Al-Rashid, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1109) August 12 – Suero Vermúdez, Asturian nobleman
The Battle of the Standard (1138): A benchmark of Norman and English assimilation. By Ronald Richard Greenwald. Master’s Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. Abstract: This dissertation will explore the social science construct of assimilation between the Norman English and the English two generations after the conquest of England in 1066.
