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Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn ( Arabic: أبو محمد عبد الله بن الحسين; 31 July 874 – 4 March 934), better known by his regnal name al-Mahdī biʾllāh ( Arabic: المهدي بالله, "The Rightly Guided by God"), was the founder of the Isma'ili Fatimid Caliphate, the only major Shi'a caliphate in Islamic history, and the eleventh Imam of the Isma'ili...
- 27 August 909 – 4 March 934
- al-Husayn ibn Ahmad (Abdallah al-Radi)
- 4 March 934 (aged 59-60), Mahdiya
- al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah o Abu Muhammad Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah (873-4 de marzo de 934) [1] (Arabic: عبد الله بن الحسين بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن اسماعيل بن جعفر المهدي), frecuentemente denominado Ubayd Allah, fue el fundador del Califato fatimí, el único gran califato chií en ...
Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah o Abu Muhammad Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah (873-4 de marzo de 934) [1] (Arabic: عبد الله بن الحسين بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن اسماعيل بن جعفر المهدي), frecuentemente denominado Ubayd Allah, fue el fundador del Califato fatimí, el único gran califato chií en ...
- Background
- Ṣāliḥ Ibn Ṭarīf
- Abdallah Ibn Mu'awiya
- Muhammad Ibn Isma'il
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Traditionally interest in "apocalyptic speculation", (with the appearance of the Mahdi being central), has been strongest among mainstream Shia (Twelver Shia), Isma'ilism, and Sunni Muslims living on the "doctrinal and geographic margins" – such as present day Morocco or Sudan – but was weaker in the heartland of Sunni Islam. While in (at least) Sh...
Ṣāliḥ ibn Ṭarīf, the second leader of the Berghouata, proclaimed himself prophet of a new religion in the mid 8th century (second Islamic century). He appeared during the caliphate of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham. He established laws for his people, which called him Salih al-Mu'minin('Restorer of the Believers'), and the final Mahdi. Islamic literatur...
Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya was a descendant of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. At the end of 127 AH / AD 744 Shias of Kufa set up him as Imam. He revolted against Yazid III, the Umayyad Caliph, with the support of Shias of Kufa and Ctesiphon. He moved to west of Iran and Isfahan and Istakhr. He managed to control the west of Iran for two years. Finally, he was de...
Muhammad ibn Isma'il (740–813 CE), son of Isma'il ibn Ja'far (for whom Isma'ili sect of Islam was named), did not claim to be a Mahdi, and most Isma'ili believe the line of Imams continued through his son Ahmad al-Wafi(Abadullah ibn Muhammad), but after his death was revered by his followers as "the seventh and last imam ... whose return was awaite...
In the tenth century the Isma'ili sect split into two – the Salamiyids, headquartered in Salamiyah and led by Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah; and the Qarmatians, centred in al-Hasa (Eastern Arabia) – each proclaiming a Mahdi. The Qarmatians broke away from the Salamiyah after Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah (Salamiyid leader) proclaiming himself mahdi. About 30...
Hassan II of Alamut
In the late eleventh century, as the Fatimid dynasty relinquished any supranatural claims or interest in millenarianism, the Isma'ilis suffered another split. The head of the Fatimid army (Al-Afdal), sidelined the son designated heir (Abu Mansur Nizar) of the deceased caliph for a more compliant son-in-law. A revolt led by Nizar was crushed, but in Iran the commander of Isma'ili forces, Hasan-i-Sabbah, broke from the Fatimids in Cairo and commenced a reign of terror against both leaders of th...
Ibn Tumart
In Sunni Morocco, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Ibn Tumart (c. 1078/1080 – c. 1130), sought to reform Almoravid decadence in the early 12th century. Rejected in Marrakech and other cities, he turned to his Masmuda tribe in the Atlas Mountains for support. Because of their emphasis on the unity of God, his followers were known as Al Muwahhidun ('unitarians', in English; Almohads in the corrupted Spanish form). Ibn Tumart rejected all other Islamic legal schools, and saw in the lax morality of the...
Shia in Iran and Iraq
With the Mongol invasion of the eastern Muslim world in the 13th century, many Muslims were killed, and Iran and Iraq came under Mongol control. By the early 14th century Shi'a in Iran and Iraq began "clandestine dissidence". For example, in Hilla, a center of Shi'i learning in central Iraq, each day from afternoon to evening prayer, 100 townsmen participated in a ritual appealing to the Mahdi to reappear. Drums were beaten, trumpets and bugles blown, a saddled horse for the Mahdi led to the...
Nurbakhsh
A generation after the execution of Fazlallah al-Astarbadi in the early fifteenth century, Ishaq al-Khuttalani, a Sufi master of the Kubrawiyya order in what is now Tajikistan, proclaimed one of his followers, Nurbakhsh (the Gift of Light), the awaited Messiah (i.e. Mahdi). This movement "grew in size and influence", staged an unsuccessful revolt, whereupon Khuttalani and dozens of followers – but not Nurbakhsh – were executed in 1425. Nurbakhsh eventually established his own order in Kurdist...
Muhammad Ibn Falah
Another example of how a "millenarian insurrection " gave rise "to a new dynastic power" is Muhammad ibn Falah (1400–1465/66). He proclaimed himself the wali (friend) of the Mahdi circa 1415 CE. (The first Imam, Ali is regarded by Shiʿa as the wali of Allah.) By 1436 his following had grown in southwestern Iran and he now claimed to "the seventh imam's ultimate incarnation" and delivered "an address of the Mahdi". His sect became known as Musha'sha'iyyah. Opponents of his heresy arose in holy...
Syed Muḥammad Jaunpuri
Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri (1443–1505) was born in Jaunpur (modern-day Uttar Pradesh, North India). His father, Syed Muhammad Abdullah was a descendant of the seventh imam, Musa Al-Kazim. He (Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri) claimed to be the Mahdi-e-Maoud on three occasions: 1. Between the rukn and maqam in front of the Kaaba in Masjid al-Haram(901 AH) 2. Taj Khan Salaar Mosque, Ahmedabad, Gujarat(903 AH) 3. Badli, Gujarat, where he attracted a large amount of followers but opposition from the ulema. (90...
In 1509, the Banū Saʿdid, a family claiming ancestry from Muhammad and aided with the military support of the Shaziliyya, "the most powerful brotherhood in the region", took control of Sous. It leader, born Muhammad al-Mahdi, was proclaimed sovereign, and his followers "saw in him the realization" of a famous hadith stating that "a descendant of th...
Ahmad al-Mansur
Ahmad al-Mansur(1578–1603), sultan of Morocco. The jurist Ahmad bin Muhammad bin al-Siddeeq wrote a treatise exclusively on the Mahdi, presenting a hundred arguments in support of the Mahdism of al-Mansur.
Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli
Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli (1559–1613), from the south of Morocco, was a Qadi and religious scholar who proclaimed himself mahdi and led a revolution (1610–13) against the reigning Saadi dynasty.
Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn al-Husayn ( árabe: أبو محمد عبد الله بن الحسين المهدي بالله) (873 - 4 de marzo de 934), más conocido por su nombre real Al-Mahdi Billah el Ispha'ili, fue el fundador de Fatimite Billah , fue el fundador de único gran califato chiíta en la historia islámica, y el undécimo imán de ...
El primer imán del califato fatimí, Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, fundó Mahdía en el 909. Eligió construir la mezquita en un área de la ciudad amurallada cerca de su palacio. El aspecto fortificado del monumento muestra el espíritu pionero de la arquitectura religiosa construida en Ifriqiya en los primeros siglos de la conquista árabe.
Fatimid Caliph al-Mahdi Billah receiving an envoy from Simeon I of Bulgaria, Madrid Skylitzes, 12th century. Upon assuming power in Raqqada, Abu Abdallah inherited much of the Aghlabid state's apparatus and allowed its former officials to continue working for the new regime.
