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A comienzos del siglo XII Livonia era una zona de extensión económica y política de los daneses y alemanes, particularmente de la Liga Hanseática y la Orden del Císter. Alrededor de 1160, comerciantes hanseáticos de Lübeck establecieron una base en el futuro sitio de Riga. La Crónica de Enrique de Livonia de 1220 da cuenta de primera ...
Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the formal name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia.
Medieval Livonia, or Terra Mariana, reached its greatest extent after the Saint George's Night Uprising of 1343-1345, which forced Denmark to sell the Duchy of Estonia (northern Estonia conquered by Denmark in the 13th century) to the State of the Teutonic Order in 1346.
Terra Mariana (expresión que significa « tierra de María ») era el nombre de un territorio de compleja soberanía que existió entre 1207 y 1561 en la región denominada Livonia (las actuales Estonia y Letonia ); que se denomina en las fuentes Confederación livonia, 1 «Livonia medieval» o «antigua Livonia» (en alemán: Alt-Livland, en estonio: Van...
- Riga
- Vasallo de la Santa Sede
The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12–13th century. The Livonian crusade was conducted mostly by the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark.
- 13th century
- Estonia, Latvia
13 de oct. de 2018 · The 324-year history of the Teutonic Knights in medieval Livonia came to an end in 1561. Although the order exists to this day, as a charitable religious organisation now based in Vienna, it lost its last extensive domain in mid-16th century.
As the result of the establishment of Livonia, the inhabitants of the territory of Latvia were under the influence of the Western Christian Church, medieval society of estates and feudal system of power developed; new fortified towns and stone castles were built nearby the old centres.
