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Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, while its longest river is the Vistula.
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Early history
The first sign of humans in Polish lands was 500,000 years ago. The Bronze Age started around 2400-2300 BC. The Iron Age started around 750-700 BC. At that time the Polish lands were under the influence of the Lusatian culture. About 400 BC Celtic and Germanic tribes lived there. Those people had trade contacts with the Roman Empire. Over time, Slavs came to Polish lands. Some of those Slavs, now commonly referred to as Western Slavs (though in reality a diverse group of tribes with shared et...
Piast and Jagiellon dynasties
Poland began to form a country around the middle of the 10th century in the Piast dynasty. In 966, Prince Mieszko I became a Christian, and so the Polish people also became Christians. The next king was Bolesław I of Poland (called Bolesław the Brave). He conquered many lands and he became the first King of Poland. Casimir I of Poland changed the Polish capital from Gniezno to Kraków. In the 12th century, Poland broke into some smaller states after the death of King Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1...
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to Second Republic of Poland
In the 17th century Sweden attacked almost all of Poland (this was called “the Deluge”). Many wars against the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Cossacks, Transylvania and Brandenburg-Prussia ended in 1699. For the next 80 years, the government and the nation were weak, making Poland dependent on Russia. Russian tsars took advantage of this by offering money to dishonest members of the Polish government, who would block new ideas and solutions. Russia, Prussia, and Austria broke Poland into three piece...
Poland's territory is a plain reaching from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Carpathian Mountainsin the south. Within that plain, the land varies from east to west. The Polish Baltic coast is mostly smooth but has natural harbors in the Gdańsk-Gdynia region and Szczecin in the far northwest. This coast has several spits, dunes, and coastal lakes....
Almost no Polish literature remains before Christianisation in the 10th century. Polish literature was written in the Latin language during the Middle Ages. The Polish language was accepted as equal to Latin after the Renaissancefor literature. Jan Kochanowski was a leading poet of European Renaissance literature in the 16th century. Other great Po...
In the past, Poland was inhabited by people from different nations and of different religions (mainly Catholics, Orthodox and Judaism). This changed after 1939, because of the Nazi Holocaust which killed many Polish Jews. After World War II, the country was changed into a communist country, by the Warsaw Pact which included most central European co...
Nicolaus Copernicus, an astronomer who showed that the Earth moves around the Sun.Maria Skłodowska-Curie discovered radium and polonium.Poland.gov.pl - Polish national portal Archived 2008-10-29 at the Wayback MachinePoland at the World Factbook Archived 2019-08-18 at the Wayback MachineHace 1 día · The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Last Updated: May 13, 2024 • Article History. flag of Poland. Audio File: National anthem of Poland. Head Of Government: Prime Minister: Donald Tusk. Capital: Warsaw. Population: (2024 est.) 37,587,000. Currency Exchange Rate: 1 USD equals 4.047 Polish zloty. Head Of State: President: Andrzej Duda.
The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
Historia de Polonia. Apariencia. ocultar. Artículo principal: Polonia. Polonia entre 966 y 1030. La historia de Polonia abarca tanto la historia del actual Estado de Polonia, como las pasadas entidades políticas y sociales de la región, hasta las antiguas poblaciones prehistóricas.
