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Capital de Israel. De izquierda a derecha y de arriba abajo: Cúpula de la Roca, Mezquita de Al-Aqsa, Murallas de Jerusalén, Basílica de Getsemaní, Torre de David, Muro de las Lamentaciones, Puerta Dorada, Monte de los Olivos, Santo Sepulcro, Monte Sion y Puerta de Damasco. Bandera. Escudo. Jerusalén.
- Portal:Jerusalén
Portal de Jerusalén. Jerusalén (en hebreo: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם...
- Templo de Jerusalén
La tradición cristiana y el Templo. El Templo de Jerusalén...
- Portal:Jerusalén
Jerusalem (/ dʒ ə ˈ r uː s əl ə m ˌ-z ə-/ jə-ROO-sə-ləm, -zə-; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim, pronounced [jeʁuʃaˈlajim] ⓘ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds, pronounced ⓘ, local pronunciation:) is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the ...
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- 754 m (2,474 ft)
- Arab States
- Ancient Period
- Classical Antiquity
- Late Antiquity
- Medieval Period
- Early Modern Period
- Late Modern Period
- See Also
- Sources
- Further Reading
- External Links
Proto-Canaanite period
Archaeological evidence suggests that the first settlement was established near Gihon Spring between 3000 and 2800 BCE. The first known mention of the city was in c. 2000 BCE in the Middle Kingdom Egyptian Execration Texts in which the city was recorded as Rusalimum. The root S-L-M in the name is thought to refer to either "peace" (compare with modern Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew) or Shalim, the god of dusk in the Canaanite religion.
Canaanite and Egyptian period
Archaeological evidence suggests that by the 17th century BCE, the Canaanites had built massive walls (4 and 5 ton boulders, 26 feet high) on the eastern side of Jerusalem to protect their ancient water system.[better source needed] By c. 1550–1400 BCE, Jerusalem had become a vassal to Egypt after the Egyptian New Kingdom under Ahmose I and Thutmose I had reunited Egypt and expanded into the Levant. The Amarna letters contain correspondence from Abdi-Heba, headman of Urusalim and his suzerain...
Israelite period
According to the Bible, the Israelite history of the city began in c. 1000 BCE, with King David's sack of Jerusalem, following which Jerusalem became the City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. According to the Books of Samuel, the Jebusites managed to resist attempts by the Israelites to capture the city, and by the time of King David were mocking such attempts, claiming that even the blind and lame could defeat the Israelite army. Nevertheless, the masoretic text for the...
Early Roman period
In 37 BCE, Herod the Great captured Jerusalem after a forty-day siege, ending Hasmonean rule. Herod ruled the Province of Judea as a client-king of the Romans, rebuilt the Second Temple, more than doubled the size of the surrounding complex, and expanded the minting of coins to many denominations. The Temple Mount became the largest temenos (religious sanctuary) in the ancient world. Pliny the Elder, writing of Herod's achievements, called Jerusalem "the most famous by far of the Eastern citi...
Jewish–Roman Wars
In 66 CE, the Jewish population in the Roman province of Judaea rebelled against the Roman Empire in what is now known as the First Jewish–Roman War or Great Revolt. Jerusalem was then the center of Jewish rebel resistance. Following a brutal five-month siege, Roman legions under future emperor Titus reconquered and subsequently destroyed much of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Also the Second Temple was burnt and all that remained was the great external (retaining) walls supporting the esplanade on whic...
Late Roman period
Aelia Capitolina of the Late Roman period was a Roman colony, with all the typical institutions and symbols - a forum, and temples to the Roman gods. Hadrian placed the city's main forum at the junction of the main Cardo and Decumanus, now the location of the (smaller) Muristan. He also built a large temple to Jupiter Capitolinus, which later became the site of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The city had no walls, was protected by a light garrison of the Tenth Legion. For the next two cent...
Byzantine period
Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire, Jerusalem prospered as a hub of Christian worship. After allegedly seeing a vision of a cross in the sky in 312, Constantine the Great began to favor Christianity, signed the Edict of Milan legalizing the religion, and sent his mother, Helena, to Jerusalem to search for the tomb of Jesus. Helena traveled to Jerusalem on a pilgrimage, where recognized the site where Jesus was crucified, buried, and raised from the dead. On the spot, the Churc...
Crusader/Ayyubid period
The time span consisting of the 12th and 13th centuries is sometimes referred to as the medieval period, or the Middle Ages, in the history of Jerusalem.
Mamluk period
In 1250 a crisis within the Ayyubid state led to the rise of the Mamluks to power and a transition to the Mamluk Sultanate, which is divided between the Bahri and Burji periods. The Ayyubids tried to hold on to power in Syria, but the Mongol invasion of 1260 put an end to this. A Mamluk army defeated the Mongol incursion and in the aftermath Baybars, the true founder of the Mamluk state, emerged as ruler of Egypt, the Levant, and the Hijaz.: 54 The Mamluks ruled over Palestine including Jerus...
Early Ottoman period
In 1516, Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottoman Empire along with all of Greater Syria and enjoyed a period of renewal and peace under Suleiman the Magnificent, including the construction of the walls, which define until today what is now known as the Old City of Jerusalem. The outline of the walls largely follows that of different older fortifications. The rule of Suleiman and subsequent Ottoman Sultans brought an age of "religious peace"; Jew, Christian and Muslim enjoyed freedom of religi...
Late Ottoman period
In the mid-19th century, with the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the city was a backwater, with a population that did not exceed 8,000. Nevertheless, it was, even then, an extremely heterogeneous city because of its significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The population was divided into four major communities – Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Armenian – and the first three of these could be further divided into countless subgroups, based on precise religious affiliation or country of...
British Mandate period
The British were victorious over the Ottomans in the Middle East during World War I and victory in Palestine was a step towards dismemberment of that empire. General Sir Edmund Allenby, commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, entered Jerusalem on foot out of respect for the Holy City, on 11 December 1917. By the time General Allenby took Jerusalem from the Ottomans in 1917, the new city was a patchwork of neighborhoods and communities, each with a distinct ethnic character. Th...
Division between Jordan and Israel
The United Nations proposed, in its 1947 plan for the partition of Palestine, for Jerusalem to be a city under international administration. The city was to be completely surrounded by the Arab state, with only a highway to connect international Jerusalem to the Jewish state. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided. The Western half of the New City became part of the newly formed state of Israel, while the eastern half, along with the Old City, was occupied by Jordan.Accord...
Armstrong, Karen (1996). Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths. Random House. ISBN 0-679-43596-4.Morkholm, Otto (2008). "Antiochus IV". In William David Davies; Louis Finkelstein (eds.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 2, The Hellenistic Age. Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–291. I...Avci, Yasemin, Vincent Lemire, and Falestin Naili. "Publishing Jerusalem's ottoman municipal archives (1892-1917): a turning point for the city's historiography." Jerusalem Quarterly 60 (2014): 110...Emerson, Charles. 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War(2013) compares Jerusalem to 20 major world cities; pp 325–46.Lemire, Vincent. Jerusalem 1900: The Holy City in the Age of Possibilities(U of Chicago Press, 2017).Mazza, Roberto. Jerusalem from the Ottomans to the British( 2009)Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Jerusalem (Before 71 CE)" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.Hace 23 horas · Jerusalem is an ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. Long an object of veneration and conflict, Jerusalem has been governed by an extended series of dynasties and states over centuries.
Jerusalén es una ciudad de Oriente Próximo, situada en los montes de Judea, entre el mar Mediterráneo y la ribera norte del mar Muerto. Los israelíes la han erigido como capital del Estado de Israel, mientras que el Estado de Palestina reivindica su parte oriental como su propia capital. Los asentamientos más antiguos en Jerusalén datan del V milenio a. C. y es una de las ciudades más ...
