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Barbara Villiers was Charles II’s principal mistress between 1660 and 1670 and the most powerful woman at court until she was supplanted by Louise de Kéroualle. The daughter of the Royalist William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison (1614–43), she married Roger Palmer (1634–1705) in 1659; she was granted the title of Countess of ...
Barbara Villiers, born in 1640, was the daughter of William Villiers, Viscount Grandison, a royalist who died in 1643 of wounds received in the Civil War. In 1659 she married Roger Palmer, a lawyer, during an affair with Philip Stanhope, second Earl of Chesterfield, who in January 1660 had to leave England after killing an adversary in a duel
Barbara Villiers, daughter of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, met Charles II during his exile in The Hague and by May 1660 she had become his mistress. She bore him six children, and was created Duchess of Cleveland (1670).
Born in 1664; died in 1717 (some sources cite 1718); illegitimate daughter of Charles II, king of England, and Barbara Villiers (c. 1641–1709); married Edward Henry Lee, earl of Lichfield, in 1677 (died 1716). In 1670, Charles signed the Treaty of Dover with France. Under the terms of this agreement, France and England united to make war ...
Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, daughter of William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, first met Charles II during his exile in The Hague, and had become his mistress by May 1660. She bore the king six children and was created Duchess of Cleveland in 1670 before being supplanted in Charles II's affections by the Duchess of Portsmouth.
Barbara's mother, barely out of her teens at the time of her father's death, remarried to Charles Villiers, 2nd Earl of Anglesey, her first husband's cousin and a Royalist supporter. After the execution of Charles I in 1649, the Villiers family transferred their loyalty to his son, Charles, then a penniless exile, but recognised by the Royalists as Charles II.
This chapter examines two portraits of Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine, Duchess of Cleveland (1641–1709), and one of Charles II’s numerous mistresses. Painted between 1660 and 1668 by Sir Peter Lely, the portraits functioned as important sites for self-presentation in early modern England.
