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1221 ( MCCXXI) fue un año común comenzado en viernes del calendario juliano . Acontecimientos. Se inicia la construcción de la catedral de Burgos. Se funda la Farmacia de Santa María Novella. Finalización de la Quinta Cruzada (1217–1221). Nacimientos. Categoría principal: Nacidos en 1221.
Year 1221 ( MCCXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events. By place. Byzantine Empire. November – Emperor Theodore I ( Laskaris) dies after a 16-year reign and is succeeded by his son-in-law John III ( Doukas ).
- Background
- Opposing Forces
- Campaign
- Aftermath
The dominant force in late twelfth-century Central Asia was the Qara-Khitai khanate, which had been founded by Yelü Dashi in the 1130s. Khwarazm and the Qarakhanids were nominally vassals of the Qara-Khitai, but in practice, due to their large population and extent, they were allowed to operate almost autonomously.: 12 Of these two major vassals, t...
The precise sizes of each force have been heavily disputed; the one certainty is that the Mongol army numbered more than the Shah's.: 113 The medieval chronicler Rashid al-Din attested that the Mongol army numbered over 600,000 strong, and that they were opposed by 400,000 total Khwarazmians; his contemporary Juzjani gives an even greater estimate ...
Early movements
The Khwarezm Shah and his advisers assumed that the Mongols would invade through the Dzungarian Gate, the natural mountain pass in between their (now conquered) Khara-Khitai and Khwarezm Empires. One option for the Khwarezm defence was to advance beyond the towns of the Syr Darya and block the Dzungarian Gate with an army, since it would take Genghis many months to gather his army in Mongolia and advance through the pass after winter had passed. A Mongol force under Chagatai and Ogedei soon d...
Bukhara
At this point, the Mongol army was divided into five widely separated groups on opposite ends of the enemy Empire. After the Shah did not mount an active defence of the cities on the Syr Darya, Genghis and Tolui, at the head of an army of roughly 50,000 men, skirted the natural defence barrier of the Syr Darya and its fortified cities, and went westwards to lay siege to the city of Bukhara first. To do this, they traversed 300 miles of the seemingly impassable Kyzyl Kumdesert by hopping throu...
Samarkand
After the fall of Bukhara, Genghis headed to the Khwarezmian capital of Samarkand and arrived in March 1220. During this period, the Mongols also waged effective psychological warfare and caused divisions within their foe. The Khan's spies told them of the bitter fighting between the Shah and his mother Terken Khatun, who commanded the allegiance of some of his most senior commanders and his elite Turkish cavalry divisions. Since Mongols and Turks were both steppe peoples, Genghis argued that...
After the defeat of the Khwarazmian Empire, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia and Armenia to return to the Mongolian steppes. Under the suggestion of Subutai, the Mongol army was split into two forces. Genghis Khan led the main army on a raid through Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia, while another 20,000 (two tumen) continge...
- 1219–1221
- Khwarezmia annexed to the Mongol Empire
- Mongol victory
- Central Asia, Greater Iran
1221. 25 April – Eustace of Fauconberg is consecrated Bishop of London; from about this year he also serves as the first known Chancellor of the Exchequer. 21 June – Henry's ten-year-old sister, Joan of England, marries King Alexander II of Scotland at York Minster. August – arrival of first Dominican friars in England.
The 1220s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1220, and ended on December 31, 1229. Events. 1220. By place. Fifth Crusade. July – The Crusaders, led by the Knights Hospitaller, raid Burlus, located in the Nile Delta in Egypt.
the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Vance Drummond (1927–1967) was a New Zealand–born Australian pilot who fought in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Posted to No. 77 Squadron in Korea, he flew Gloster Meteor jet fighters and earned the US Air Medal for his combat skills. He was shot down in 1951 and imprisoned for almost two years.
1221 - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Contents. hide. Beginning. Deaths. 1221 was a common year. Deaths. August 6 – Saint Dominic, Spanish founder of the Dominicans (born 1170) October 4 – William III Talvas, Count of Ponthieu (born 1179) October 21 – Alix of Thouars, Duchess of Brittany (born 1201)
