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Lugares y poblaciones. Ciudades a lo largo del Harz. Enlaces externos. Harz. Para el botánico, véase Carl Otto Harz. El macizo del Harz, denominado Hardt hasta entrada la Edad Media, es la cordillera más alta del norte de Alemania y comprende parte de los estados federados de Baja Sajonia, Sajonia-Anhalt y Turingia .
- Distrito de Harz
El distrito de Harz es uno de los once distritos que...
- Distrito de Harz
Harz is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 2,104.9 km 2 (812.7 sq mi). [2] History. The district was established by merging the former districts of Halberstadt, Wernigerode and Quedlinburg as well as the city of Falkenstein (from the district of Aschersleben-Staßfurt) as part of the reform of 2007. Towns and municipalities.
- 2,104.9 km² (812.7 sq mi)
- Germany
- Geography
- Geology and Pedology
- Nature
- History
- Economy
- Tourism
- Dialects of The Harz
- Tourist Attractions
- Transport
- External Links
Location and extent
The Harz has a length of 110 kilometres (68 mi), stretching from the town of Seesen in the northwest to Eisleben in the east, and a width of 35 kilometres (22 mi). It occupies an area of 2,226 square kilometres (859 sq mi), and is divided into the Upper Harz (Oberharz) in the northwest, which is up to 800 m high, apart from the 1,100 m high Brocken massif, and the Lower Harz (Unterharz) in the east which is up to around 400 m high and whose plateaus are capable of supporting arable farming. T...
Rivers and lakes
Because of the heavy rainfall in the region the rivers of the Harz Mountains were dammed from an early date. Examples of such masonry dams are the two largest: the Oker Dam and the Rappbode Dam. The clear, cool water of the mountain streams was also dammed by early mountain folk to form the various mountain ponds of the Upper Harz waterways, such as the Oderteich. The 17 dams in the Harz block a total of twelve rivers. Because the Harz is one of the regions of Germany that experiences the mos...
Climate
Climatically a hill range has lower temperatures and higher levels of precipitation than the surrounding land. The Harz is characterised by regular precipitation throughout the year. Exposed to westerly winds from the Atlantic, heavy with rain, the windward side of the mountains has up to 1,600 mm of rain annually (West Harz, Upper Harz, High Harz); in contrast, the leeward side only receives an average of 600 mm of precipitation per annum (East Harz, Lower Harz, Eastern Harz foothills). 1. B...
Origins
The Harz is the most geologically diverse of the German Mittelgebirge, although it is overwhelmingly dominated by base-poor rocks. The most common rocks lying on the surface are argillaceous shales, slaty (geschieferte) greywackes and granite intrusions in the shape of two large igneous rock masses or plutons. The Gießen-Harz surface layer of the Rhenohercynian zone, which is widespread in the Harz, consists mainly of flysch. Well-known and economically important are the limestone deposits ar...
Flora
The vegetation of the Harz mountains is divided into six altitudinal zones: 1. Subalpine zone: Brocken summit, over 1,000 m above NN 2. Altimontane zone: highest areas (except the Brocken summit) between 850 and 1,000 m above NN 3. Mean montane zone: higher areas between 750 and 850 m above NN 4. Montane zone: medium height areas between 525 and 750 m above NN 5. Submontane zone: lower areas between 300 and 525 m above NN 6. Colin zone: areas around the edge of the Harz between 250 and 300 m...
Fauna
A multitude of wild animals live in the beech forests of the Harz Mountains. Over 5,000 species, most of them insects, have their home in these woods. They include many species that help to decompose leaves and work them into the soil and ground cover, including springtails, oribatid mites, woodlice, roundworms, millipedes, earthworms and snails. Characteristic breeding birds in the beech woods, with their abundance of dead wood, are the black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) and stock dove (Co...
The Harz was first mentioned as Hartingowe in an 814 deed by the Carolingian King Louis the Pious. Settlement within the mountains began only 1000 years ago, as in ancient times dense forests made the region almost inaccessible. The suffix -rode (from German: roden, to stub) denotes a place where woodland had been cleared to develop a settlement. T...
Historic mining industry
The mining industry in the Harz has its origins about 3,000 years ago during the Bronze Age. The seven Upper Harz mining towns – Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Bad Grund, Sankt Andreasberg, Lautenthal, Altenau and Wildemann – and around 30 other villages within and on the edge of the Harz can thank the Upper Harz mining and smelting industries for their boom. The former imperial town of Goslar, too, whose splendour depended on the ore treasures of the Rammelsberg, mined argentiferous lead ore for cen...
Economy today
The booming mining industry of bygone centuries in the Harz region – especially for silver, iron, copper, lead and zinc– has declined markedly. However, the heavy metal residues in the soils of the Upper Harz, which in some cases are significant, represent a serious environmental hazard today. Copper workings are still important today in the area of Mansfeld. The last centres of mining were the Rammelsberg near Goslar (closed 1988) and the Hilfe Gottes Pit near Bad Grund (closed 1992). In Bad...
Tourism is very important to the Harz, although the prevalence of cheap air travel has led to a decline in recent years. There are many spa towns, and almost every village in the Harz and Harz Foreland caters to tourists. Well-known destinations are the Harz National Park and the Brocken, as well as the historic towns on the edge of the Harz. Conce...
The main dialects of the Harz region are Eastphalian and Thuringian. A feature of the Upper Harz is, or was, the Upper Harz dialect (Oberharzer Mundart). Unlike the Lower Saxon, Eastphalian and Thuringian dialects of the surrounding region, this was an Ore Mountain dialectfrom Saxony and Bohemia, that went back to the settlement of mining folk from...
Mines and caves
Geomorphological processes have led to the formation of caves in the gypsum, dolomite and limestone layers of the Harz. These dripstone caves include Baumann's Cave, the Unicorn Cave, Hermann's Cave, the Iberg Dripstone Cave and, on the southern edge of the Harz, the Heimkehle.Because the older formations contained many mineral deposits, they were explored very early on by the mining industry. The mines have often been turned into show mines. For example, the Samson Pit was for a long time th...
Towns and villages
The following towns and villages are found in or around the Harz region:
Towns in the Harz Foreland
1. Lower Saxony: Alfeld, Bad Gandersheim, Bad Salzdetfurth, Bockenem, Duderstadt, Einbeck, Göttingen, Hildesheim, Northeim, Salzgitter, Vienenburg and Wolfenbüttel. 2. Saxony-Anhalt: Aschersleben, Derenburg, Eisleben, Halberstadt, Hettstedt, Oschersleben, Osterwieck, Quedlinburg, Sangerhausen and Staßfurt. 3. Thuringia: Bleicherode, Heringen/Helme, Nordhausen and Sondershausen.
Rail
The Harzer Schmalspurbahnen (Harz Narrow Gauge Railways), colloquially known as the Harzquerbahn (Trans-Harz Railway), a narrow (metre)-gauge steam and diesel-powered railway network is a very popular mode of transport, especially with tourists. The railways link Wernigerode, Nordhausen, Quedlinburg and the Brocken. Prior to the closure of the Inner German border the present-day network was joined at Sorge to the Südharzbahn (South Harz Railway), which ran from Walkenried to Braunlageand Tann...
Road
The Harz is grazed by the A 7 motorway in the west and the A 38 in the south. A four-lane motor road, the B 243 runs along the southwestern perimeter of the Harz via Osterode to Bad Lauterberg. In addition there is a good federal road (the B 6, B 4) from Goslar to Braunlage. The North Harz Foreland benefits from the newly built B 6n. Both the B 4 and the B 6n have been upgraded almost to motorway standard. The B 4 crosses the Harz from Bad Harzburg on a north–south axis running through Torfha...
Media related to Harzat Wikimedia Commons"Harz Mountains" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 507-508.- 1,141.2 m (3,744 ft)
- Central Uplands
- 110 km (68 mi)
- Brocken
Wernigerode (German pronunciation: [ˌvɛɐ̯nɪɡəˈʁoːdə]) is a town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007, it was the capital of the district of Wernigerode. Its population was 35,041 in 2012.
- 240 m (790 ft)
- Harz
Harz is a rural district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany named after the highland area also called harz. It is home to the highest point in the region: the Brocken. History. The district was made by joining the old districts of Halberstadt, Wernigerode and Quedlinburg as well as the city of Falkenstein (from the district of Aschersleben-Staßfurt ).
Naturaleza y turismo activo. Parque Nacional de Harz. Situado en la cordillera baja más septentrional de Alemania, el parque nacional, con su mezcla de mitos antiguos y paisajes escarpados, es un destino popular durante todo el año en Sajonia-Anhalt y Baja Sajonia.
