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Juan Segismundo de Zápolya (en húngaro: Szapolyai János Zsigmond) (Buda, actual Budapest, 7 de julio de 1540 - Gyulafehérvár, 14 de marzo de 1571) fue un noble húngaro, conde de Szepes e hijo del rey Juan I de Hungría y de Isabela Jagellón de Hungría. Juan Segismundo fue el primer Príncipe de Transilvania (1541-1571), luego de que ...
- Juan I de Zápolya
Juan I de Hungría; Rey de Hungría: Reinado; 1526 – 1540:...
- Casa de Zápolya
Conde Juan Segismundo de Zápolya (1540–1571). Hijo de Juan...
- Juan I de Zápolya
Juan Segismundo de Zápolya fue un noble húngaro, conde de Szepes e hijo del rey Juan I de Hungría y de Isabela Jagellón de Hungría. Juan Segismundo fue el primer Príncipe de Transilvania (1541-1571), luego de que ésta se independizase tras la ocupación turca de Hungría.
- Family
- Childhood
- King-Elect
- Prince of Transylvania
John Sigismund's father, John Zápolya, was the wealthiest Hungarian lord in the early 16th century. After the Ottoman Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Hungarian army in the Battle of Mohács, the majority of the noblemen elected John Zápolya king in 1526. However, a group of influential lords proclaimed Ferdinand ...
Accession
Soon after John Zápolya died, his treasurer, George Martinuzzi, hurried to Buda to secure John Sigismund's inheritance. On Martinuzzi's proposal, the Diet of Hungary elected John Sigismund king on 13September 1540, but he was not crowned with the Holy Crown of Hungary. The Diet proclaimed Queen Isabella and George Martinuzzi, along with two powerful lords, Péter Petrovics and Bálint Török, the guardians of the infant monarch. In August, Ferdinand's envoys had demanded the transfer of the late...
First rule
Isabella and Martinuzzi left Buda on 5 September 1541, taking John Sigismund and the Holy Crown with them. She and her son settled in Lippa, which was the center of an old domain of the Zápolya family. The delegates of the counties of John Sigismund's realm met in Debrecen on 18October. They swore fealty to him and acknowledged the sultan's suzerainty. Martinuzzi signed a treaty with FerdinandI's representative, Caspar Serédy, in Gyalu (now Gilău in Romania) on 29December. According to the Tr...
In exile
Isabella and John Sigismund left Transylvania on 6August 1551, accompanied by Péter Petrovics. They settled in Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia), and moved to Opole in March 1552. Realizing that the Silesian duchies were poor, they left for Poland before the end of April. During the following years they lived in Kraków, Warsaw, Sanok, and other Polish towns. John Sigismund often went hunting for bison and regularly visited his uncle, Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland. However, his health was...
Start of personal rule
John Sigismund's rule began with his mother's death. Rather than adopting a new title, he continued to style himself rex electus (king-elect). Mihály Csáky, Christopher and Stephen Báthory, and his mother's other advisors continued to participate in state administration. John Sigismund sent envoys to Ferdinand to propose marriage with one of Ferdinand's daughters, but also to announce his claim to the parts of Hungary under Ferdinand's rule.His demands were rejected, but peace was preserved....
Wars and debates
Ferdinand died on 25 July 1564, and his son Maximilian II succeeded him. The Transylvanian Diet declared war to reoccupy the counties that had been lost to the Habsburgs in 1562. John Sigismund's army seized Szatmár (now Satu Mare in Romania), Hadad and Nagybánya (now Baia Mare in Romania) before the end of 1562, but a counter-invasion by Lazarus von Schwendi reached the river Szamos in March 1565. The envoys of John Sigismund and Maximilian II concluded a treaty in Szatmár on 13 March 1565 i...
Freedom of religion
The Diet met again in Torda in early 1568 and authorized preachers to "teach the Gospel" according to their own understanding. The Diet also declared that nobody should "suffer at the hands of others for religious reasons", stating that "faith is a gift of God". The Edict of Torda expanded the limits of religious freedom far beyond the standard of 16th-century Europe.The decree did not put a complete end to discrimination, because official status was granted only to the Catholic, Lutheran, an...
Negotiations between John Sigismund and Maximilian II concluded with the Treaty of Speyer, signed on 16August 1570. John Sigismund acknowledged Maximilian II as the sole king of Hungary and abandoned his own royal title.Instead, he adopted the new title "Prince of Transylvania and Lord of Parts of the Kingdom of Hungary", also confirming that his r...
- 13 September 1540 – 19 July 1551
- Ferdinand I
- 1556–1570
- John I
Madre del conde Juan Segismundo de Zápolya, príncipe de Transilvania. Segismundo Augusto (1520-1572). Sofía (13 de julio de 1522 - 28 de mayo de 1575), esposa del duque Enrique V de Brunswick-Luneburgo. Duquesa de Brunswick-Luneburgo. Ana (1523-1596), casada con el rey Esteban I de Polonia (el conde húngaro Esteban Báthory). Catalina (1526 ...
Biografía. Bárbara nació en 1495 como hija del nádor de Hungría, Esteban de Zápolya, y de su esposa, Eduviges Piast, princesa de Teschen. El 8 de febrero de 1512 se casó con el rey polaco Segismundo I Jagellón el Viejo, hermano menor del rey Vladislao II de Hungría.
