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  1. 5 juillet : Guerre de 1812, campagne du Niagara : victoire américaine à la bataille de Chippawa (Ontario). Traité de Madrid entre l'Espagne et le Royaume-Uni qui obtient la clause de la nation la plus favorisée dans le commerce avec les colonies espagnoles. 7 juillet, Venezuela : les loyalistes reprennent Caracas.

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  2. 3 de febrero de 1814: Características generales; Desplazamiento: 170 t: Eslora: 27 m: Manga: 5.2 m: Calado: Calado medio: 1.9 m: Armamento: 6 carronadas de a 9 libras 1 cañón largo de a 24 montado en colisa. Tripulación: 60 marineros y reclutas y 40 soldados.

  3. La monarchie de Juillet, qui a été celle d’un seul roi, fait suite à la monarchie dite « conservatrice » que constitue la Restauration entre 1814 et 1830. Plus libérale que celle qui la précède, elle est marquée par une renonciation à la monarchie absolue de droit divin ( absolutisme ) et un louvoiement permanent entre ...

    • Background
    • The Three Glorious Days
    • Result
    • Gallery
    • References
    • Further Reading

    After Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May 1814, Continental Europe, and France in particular, was in a state of disarray. The Congress of Vienna met to redraw the continent's political map. Many European countries attended the Congress, but decision-making was controlled by four major powers: the Austrian Empire, represented by the Chie...

    Monday, 26 July 1830

    It was a hot, dry summer, pushing those who could afford it to leave Paris for the country. Most businessmen could not, and so were among the first to learn of the Saint-Cloud "Ordinances", which banned them from running as candidates for the Chamber of Deputies. Such membership was indispensable to those who sought the ultimate in social prestige. In protest, members of the Bourserefused to lend money, and business owners shuttered their factories. Workers were unceremoniously turned out int...

    Tuesday, 27 July 1830: Day One

    Throughout the day, Paris grew quiet as the milling crowds grew larger. At 4:30 pm commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the Garde Royale were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the Place du Carrousel facing the Tuileries, the Place Vendôme, and the Place de la Bastille. In order to maintain order and protect gun shops from looters, military patrols throughout the city were established, strengthened, and expanded. However, no special measures were...

    Wednesday, 28 July 1830: Day Two

    Fighting in Paris continued throughout the night. One eyewitness wrote: Charles X ordered Maréchal Auguste Marmont, Duke of Ragusa, the on-duty Major-General of the Garde Royale, to repress the disturbances. Marmont was personally liberal, and opposed to the ministry's policy, but was bound tightly to the King because he believed such to be his duty; and possibly because of his unpopularity for his generally perceived and widely criticized desertion of Napoleon in 1814.[page needed]The king r...

    The revolution of July 1830 created a constitutional monarchy. On 2 August, Charles X and his son the Dauphin abdicated their rights to the throne and departed for Great Britain. Although Charles had intended that his grandson, the Duke of Bordeaux, would take the throne as Henry V, the politicians who composed the provisional government instead pl...

    Sources

    1. Pinkney, David H. (1972). The French Revolution of 1830. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691052021. 2. Mansel, Philip (2001). Paris Between Empires. New York: St. Martin's Press.

    Antonetti, Guy (2002). Louis-Philippe. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard. ISBN 2-2135-9222-5.
    Berenson, Edward. Populist religion and left-wing politics in France, 1830–1852(Princeton University Press, 2014).
    Collingham, Hugh AC, and Robert S. Alexander. The July monarchy: a political history of France, 1830–1848. Longman Publishing Group, 1988.
    Fortescue, William. France and 1848: The end of monarchy(Routledge, 2004).
  4. La Chambre des pairs fut en France la chambre haute du Parlement pendant les deux Restaurations, les Cent-jours et sous la monarchie de Juillet. Créée ex nihilo en 1814, elle fut supprimée en 1848 lors de la mise en place de l'Assemblée nationale constituante de la Seconde République, et ne sera réellement remplacée en tant ...

  5. Del Arenal Fenochio, Jaime (2011). Cronología de la Independencia (1808-1821) (1.ª edición). Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México. ISBN 978-607-7916-10-9. Consultado el 31 de marzo de 2017. Categorías: Anexos:México por año. 1814 por país. México en 1814.

  6. La Charte constitutionnelle du 4 juin 1814 est la constitution du royaume de France en vigueur sous la Première puis la Seconde Restauration . Le Gouvernement provisoire et le Sénat rédigent un projet de constitution d'inspiration monarchique le 6 avril 1814.