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Alexan­dra was born on 6 June 1872 at the New Palace in Darm­stadt as Princess Alix Vik­to­ria He­lene Luise Beatrix of Hesse and by Rhine, a Grand Duchy then part of the Ger­man Em­pire. She was the sixth child and fourth daugh­ter among the seven chil­dren of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, and his first wife, Princess Alice of the United King­dom...

Queen Vic­to­ria greatly fa­vored Alix and she wanted Alix to be­come the Queen Con­sort of Eng­land, which she con­sid­ered "the great­est po­si­tion there is." On 2 March 1888, she wrote to Alix's old­est sis­ter Vic­to­ria that "My heart and mind are bent on se­cur­ing dear Al­icky for ei­ther Eddie or Georgie." She pres­sured Alix to ac­cept a ...

When she was 12, Alix met and fell in love with Grand Duke Nicholas, heir-ap­par­ent to the throne of Rus­sia. In 1884, they met at the wed­ding of Nicholas's uncle Grand Duke Sergei Alexan­drovich and Alix's sis­ter Elis­a­beth in St. Pe­ters­burg. In his diary Nicholas called Alix "sweet lit­tle Alix"and de­clared "we love each other." He gave he...

Wedding

On 1 No­vem­ber 1894, Alexan­der III died at the age of forty-nine. Nicholas was con­firmed as Tsar Nicholas II. The next day, Alix was re­ceived into the Russ­ian Or­tho­dox Church as "the truly be­liev­ing Grand Duchess Alexan­dra Feodor­ovna." How­ever, she was not re­quired to re­pu­di­ate Lutheranism or her for­mer faith. Alix wanted to take the name Yeka­te­rina, but Nicholas wanted her to take the name Alexan­dra so that they could be a sec­ond Nicholas and Alexan­dra. He was in­spired...

Coronation

On 14 May 1896, Alexan­dra and Nicholas were crowned at the Dor­mi­tion Cathe­dral in the Krem­lin. 500,000 Rus­sians gath­ered to the cap­i­tal to watch the en­ter­tain­ment, eat the court-spon­sored food, and col­lect the gifts in honor of their new tsar. There were ru­mors that there wasn't enough food for every­one, so the crowd rushed to­wards the gift ta­bles. The po­lice failed to main­tain order, and a thou­sand Rus­sians were tram­pled to death at the Kho­dynka Field. Nicholas and Al...

Rejection by the Russian people

Alexan­dra was in­cred­i­bly un­pop­u­lar among her Russ­ian sub­jects. Her nat­ural shy­ness was in­ter­preted as ar­ro­gance and cold­ness, and she strug­gled to win friends. The Russ­ian court judged her as “de­void of charm, wooden, cold eyes, holds her­self as if she’d swal­lowed a yardstick."When she and Nicholas for­mally en­tered Moscow for their coro­na­tion, Alexan­dra's un­pop­u­lar­ity was clearly demon­strated. Alexan­dra rode in a coach of her own be­hind those of Nicholas and h...

World War I put what proved to be un­bear­able bur­den on Im­pe­r­ial Rus­sia's gov­ern­ment and econ­omy, both of which were dan­ger­ously weak. Mass short­ages and hunger be­came the daily sit­u­a­tion for tens of mil­lions of Rus­sians due to the dis­rup­tions of the war econ­omy. Fif­teen mil­lion men were di­verted from agri­cul­tural pro­duc­...

The Pro­vi­sional Gov­ern­ment formed after the rev­o­lu­tion kept Nicholas, Alexan­dra, and their chil­dren con­fined under house ar­rest in their home, the Alexan­der Palace at Tsarskoye Selo. They were vis­ited by Keren­sky from the gov­ern­ment, who in­ter­viewed Alexan­dra re­gard­ing her in­volve­ment in state af­fairs and Rasputin's in­volve...

Execution

Tues­day, 16 July 1918 passed nor­mally for the for­mer im­pe­r­ial fam­ily. At four o'clock in the af­ter­noon, Nicholas and his daugh­ters took their usual walk in the small gar­den. Early in the evening Yurovsky sent away the fif­teen-year-old kitchen boy Leonid Sedinev, say­ing that his uncle wished to see him. At 7 p.m., Yurovsky sum­moned all the Cheka men into his room and or­dered them to col­lect all the re­volvers from the out­side guards. With twelve heavy mil­i­tary re­volvers lyi...

Identification of remains

After the ex­e­cu­tion of the Ro­manov fam­ily in the Ipatiev House, Alexan­dra's body, along with Nicholas, their chil­dren and some faith­ful re­tain­ers who died with them, was stripped and the cloth­ing burnt ac­cord­ing to the Yurovsky Note. Ini­tially the bod­ies were thrown down a dis­used mine-shaft at Gan­ina Yama, 12 miles (19 km) north of Yeka­ter­in­burg. A short time later, the bod­ies were re­trieved. Their faces were smashed and the bod­ies, dis­mem­bered and dis­fig­ured with...

Burial

Alexan­dra, Nicholas II and three daugh­ters plus the ser­vants who were killed with them were rein­terred in the St. Cather­ine Chapel of the Peter and Paul Cathe­dral at the Fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul in St. Pe­ters­burgin 1998, with much cer­e­mony, on the eight­i­eth an­niver­sary of the ex­e­cu­tion.

In 1981, Alexan­dra and her im­me­di­ate fam­ily were recog­nised as mar­tyrs by the Russ­ian Or­tho­dox Church Out­side Rus­sia. In 2000, Alexan­dra was can­on­ized as a saint and pas­sion bearer by the Russ­ian Or­tho­dox Church, to­gether with her hus­band Nicholas II, their chil­dren and oth­ers in­clud­ing her sis­ter Grand Duchess Elis­a­beth...