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Frederick North, II conde de Guilford (13 de abril de 1732-5 de agosto de 1792), más conocido por su título de Lord North —que utilizó desde 1752, cuando su padre, que había sido el barón de Guilford, fue elevado al rango de conde, hasta 1790 cuando su padre falleció y North asumió el título nobiliario— fue Primer Ministro ...
Frederick North, II conde de Guilford (13 de abril de 1732-5 de agosto de 1792), más conocido por su título de Lord North —que utilizó desde 1752, cuando su padre, que había sido el barón de Guilford, fue elevado al rango de conde, hasta 1790 cuando su padre falleció y North asumió el título nobiliario— fue Primer Ministro ...
Frederick North, 2.º Conde de Guilford. Frederick North, segundo conde de Guilford KG, (13 de abril de 1732 - 5 de agosto de 1792), conocido por su título de cortesía Lord North, que usó desde 1752 a 1790, fue Primer Ministro de Gran Bretaña de 1770 a 1782.
Frederick North, V conde de Guilford (7 de febrero de 1766-14 de octubre de 1827), conocido como el Honorable Frederick North hasta 1817, fue un político británico y actuó también como administrador colonial. North fue el hijo mayor del primer ministro británico Frederick North, II conde de Guilford, al que se conoce más comúnmente como ...
- Early Life
- Prime Minister
- Post-Premiership
- Legacy
- Family
- Titles, Styles and Arms
Birth and family
North was born in London on 13 April 1732 at the family house at Albemarle Street, just off Piccadilly. He spent much of his youth at Wroxton Abbey in Oxfordshire. North's strong resemblance to King George III suggested to contemporaries that George III's father, Frederick, Prince of Wales, might have been North's real father, making North the king's half-brother, a theory compatible with the prince's reputation but supported by little else other than the circumstantial evidence. King George...
Education
He was educated at Eton College between 1742 and 1748 and at Trinity College, Oxford, where in 1750 he was awarded an MA. After leaving Oxford, he travelled in Europe on a Grand Tour with Lord Dartmouth. They stayed in Leipzig for nearly nine months, studying under the constitutional scholar Johann Jacob Mascov. They continued through Austria and Italy, staying in Rome from December 1752 to Easter 1753, then through Switzerland to Paris, returning to England in early 1754.
Appointment
When the Duke of Grafton resigned as Prime Minister, North formed a government on 28 January 1770. His ministers and supporters tended to be known as Tories, though they were not a formal grouping and many had previously been Whigs. He took over with Great Britain in a triumphant state following the Seven Years' War, which had seen the First British Empire expand to a peak by taking in vast new territories on several continents. Circumstances forced him to keep many members of the previous ca...
Falklands Crisis
North's ministry had an early success during the Falklands Crisis in 1770, in which Great Britain faced down a Spanish attempt to seize the Falkland Islands, nearly provoking a war. Both France and Spain had been left unhappy by Great Britain's perceived dominance following the British victory in the Seven Years War.[citation needed] Spanish forces seized the British settlement on the Falklands and expelled the small British garrison. When Britain opposed the seizure, Spain sought backing fro...
American War of Independence
Most of North's government was focused first on the growing problems with the American colonies. Later on, it was preoccupied with conducting the American War of Independence that broke out in 1775 with the Battle of Lexington. Following the Boston Tea Party in 1773, Lord North proposed a number of legislative measures that were supposed to punish the Bostonians. These measures were known as the Coercive Acts in Great Britain, while dubbed the Intolerable Acts in the colonies. By shutting dow...
Fox–North coalition
In April 1783, North returned to power as Home Secretary in an unlikely coalition with the radical Whig leader Charles James Fox known as the Fox–North Coalition under the nominal leadership of the Duke of Portland. King George III, who detested the radical and republican Fox, never forgave this supposed betrayal, and North never again served in government after the ministry fell in December 1783. One of the major achievements of the coalition was the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which for...
Later years
North was an active speaker until he began to go blind in 1786. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Guilford on 4 August 1790 and entered the House of Lords, by which time he had entirely lost his sight. Lord Guilford died in Mayfair, England (now part of London), and was buried at All Saints' Church, Wroxton (Oxfordshire), near his family home of Wroxton Abbey. His memorial was sculpted by John FlaxmanRA. His son George North, Lord North, took over the constituency of Banbury, and in 1792...
Lord North is today predominantly remembered as the Prime Minister "who lost America". Both Lord North Street and Guilford Streetin London are named after him.
On 20 May 1756 Lord North married Anne Speke (before 1741 – 1797), daughter of George Speke MP, of Whitelackington in Somerset. She was the sole heiress of the Devonshire estates of the Drake family of Ash, which subsequently were sold piecemeal by Lord North.By Anne he had seven children: 1. George Augustus North, 3rd Earl of Guilford (11 Septembe...
The HonourableFrederick North (1732–1752)Lord North (1752–1790)The Earl of Guilford(1790–1792)Frederick North, segundo conde de Guilford KG , PC (13 de abril de 1732 - 5 de agosto de 1792), más conocido por su título de cortesía Lord North , que utilizó de 1752 a 1790, fue Primer Ministro de Gran Bretaña de 1770 a 1782. Dirigió Gran Bretaña durante la mayor parte de la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos .
Frederick North, segundo conde de Guilford KG , PC (13 de abril de 1732 - 5 de agosto de 1792), más conocido por su título de cortesía Lord North , que usó de 1752 a 1790, fue Primer Ministro de Gran Bretaña de 1770 a 1782. Gran Bretaña durante la mayor parte de la Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos .
