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Godan Khan. Godan ( Chinese: 闊端 ), also romanized as Koden and Khodan, (1206–1247) was a grandson of Genghis Khan. Godan administered much of Northern China ( Cathay) before Kublai Khan came to power. He was the second son of Ögedei Khan and Töregene Khatun and a brother of Güyük Khan.
Godan Khan. Mongol leader. Learn about this topic in these articles: hisory of Mongolia. In Mongolia: The successor states of the Mongol empire. Genghis Khan’s grandson, Godan Khan, invaded Tibet in 1240, after which he sought spiritual guidance from the Sakya Pandita, leader of the Sa-skya-pa (Sakyapa; Red Hat) school of Tibetan Buddhism.
- Overview
- The successor states of the Mongol empire
Genghis Khan had already dealt with the problem of succession. Each of his four sons was to hold a vassal kingdom. Jöchi, the eldest, was given the land from the Yenisey River and the Aral Sea westward “as far as the hooves of Mongol horses have reached”—a wording attributed to Genghis Khan himself. The second son, Chagatai (Tsagadai), received Kashgaria (now the southern part of Xinjiang) and most of Mavrannakhar, the territory between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River). The third son, Ögödei (Ogadai), received western Mongolia and the region of Tarbagatai (now the northwestern corner of Xinjang). The youngest, Tolui, inherited the ancient Mongol homeland of eastern Mongolia. Two years later, in 1229, a great Mongol assembly confirmed the succession of Ögödei as the great khan (khagan).
These dispositions made skillful use of ancient traditions. It was the custom among prosperous families that the eldest son, on reaching manhood, was given a wife and his share of the future inheritance. He then moved away and set up his own camp, independent but still allied to his family. The other brothers followed in due order, but each one nearer to the “home camp” than his next older brother. The youngest, as “guardian of the hearth and fire,” remained with his parents until their death and received the residual heritage. It was convenient that Jöchi could in this way be placed at the greatest distance from the ancient homeland because he got on poorly with his brothers, who considered him illegitimate, conceived while his mother was the captive of a hostile tribe. The election of Ögödei as great khan over the head of his elder brother Chagatai (Jöchi had already died) did not do violence to nomadic tradition; it was quite acceptable in wartime for the dying ruler to nominate as his successor the son who was considered ablest and most acceptable to his brothers.
With this first division, further fission was inevitable. Under Batu, the successor of Jöchi, the Golden Horde began to form, which drew tribute from the Russian principalities. In this khanate the Mongols were greatly outnumbered by Turks; the Turkish language soon displaced Mongol, and Islam became the prevailing religion. Because its reservoir of nomad power was in the Kipchak Steppe, the Golden Horde is sometimes known as the Kipchak khanate. By its methods of collecting taxes and tribute, it contributed to the rise of the grand dukes of Muscovy, and it was eventually an alliance led by Moscow that broke the power of the Mongols (by then more frequently called Tatars), at the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. The Golden Horde was still able to take and sack Moscow two years later, but its power soon disintegrated—an important factor being attacks by Timur (Tamerlane), coming from Turkistan.
To the east were the khanates of the house of Chagatai and the Il-Khans of Iran (Persia). Like the rulers of the Golden Horde, the rulers of the house of Chagatai considered themselves senior, in genealogy, to the house of Ögödei; they were frequently at odds with the great khan, with each other, and with the Il-Khans. On the other hand, the Il-Khans (the title itself implies subordination) accepted and supported the authority of the great khans. Like the Golden Horde, again, the house of Chagatai controlled wide pastures and therefore retained a strong nomadic base, while the Il-Khans, like the great khans (especially after Kublai [Khubilai] Khan moved his capital into China and founded the Yuan [Mongol] dynasty there), were directly affected by the urban influences of an old, highly developed civilization with a rich literary tradition. As in China, this situation led rather rapidly to the passage of real administrative control from Mongol hands into the hands of their subjects. The greatest of the Il-Khans was Hülegü (Khulagu, Hulagu)—a brother of Kublai Khan—who began the Il-Khan tradition of supporting the Yuan dynasty against the house of Chagatai and the Golden Horde.
Genghis Khan’s grandson, Godan Khan, invaded Tibet in 1240, after which he sought spiritual guidance from the Sakya Pandita, leader of the Sa-skya-pa (Sakyapa; Red Hat) school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Sakya Pandita, accompanied by his nephew, Phagspa Lama, journeyed to Godan’s camp (in what is now Gansu province, China). He and Godan created a patron-priest relationship in which the Sakya Pandita, in exchange for attending to Godan’s religious needs, was awarded temporal powers in Tibet.
As great khan, Ögödei authorized the continuation of Mongol campaigns in Russia and the west and also in China, where the disintegration of the Jin (Juchen) dynasty in 1234 had brought the Mongols face to face with the Nan Song dynasty in the Yangtze valley. Ögödei was also able to maintain a system of imperial representatives in the appanages of his imperial kinsmen in Central Asia and Iran but was less able to control the always insubordinate Golden Horde. He died in 1241 and was succeeded, after a stormy regency under his widow, Töregene, by his son Güyük (Kuyug), who had already quarreled with his cousin Batu of the Golden Horde. Güyük died at Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) in 1248, while preparing an attack on Batu.
Genghis Khan had already dealt with the problem of succession. Each of his four sons was to hold a vassal kingdom. Jöchi, the eldest, was given the land from the Yenisey River and the Aral Sea westward “as far as the hooves of Mongol horses have reached”—a wording attributed to Genghis Khan himself. The second son, Chagatai (Tsagadai), received Kashgaria (now the southern part of Xinjiang) and most of Mavrannakhar, the territory between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River). The third son, Ögödei (Ogadai), received western Mongolia and the region of Tarbagatai (now the northwestern corner of Xinjang). The youngest, Tolui, inherited the ancient Mongol homeland of eastern Mongolia. Two years later, in 1229, a great Mongol assembly confirmed the succession of Ögödei as the great khan (khagan).
These dispositions made skillful use of ancient traditions. It was the custom among prosperous families that the eldest son, on reaching manhood, was given a wife and his share of the future inheritance. He then moved away and set up his own camp, independent but still allied to his family. The other brothers followed in due order, but each one nearer to the “home camp” than his next older brother. The youngest, as “guardian of the hearth and fire,” remained with his parents until their death and received the residual heritage. It was convenient that Jöchi could in this way be placed at the greatest distance from the ancient homeland because he got on poorly with his brothers, who considered him illegitimate, conceived while his mother was the captive of a hostile tribe. The election of Ögödei as great khan over the head of his elder brother Chagatai (Jöchi had already died) did not do violence to nomadic tradition; it was quite acceptable in wartime for the dying ruler to nominate as his successor the son who was considered ablest and most acceptable to his brothers.
With this first division, further fission was inevitable. Under Batu, the successor of Jöchi, the Golden Horde began to form, which drew tribute from the Russian principalities. In this khanate the Mongols were greatly outnumbered by Turks; the Turkish language soon displaced Mongol, and Islam became the prevailing religion. Because its reservoir of nomad power was in the Kipchak Steppe, the Golden Horde is sometimes known as the Kipchak khanate. By its methods of collecting taxes and tribute, it contributed to the rise of the grand dukes of Muscovy, and it was eventually an alliance led by Moscow that broke the power of the Mongols (by then more frequently called Tatars), at the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. The Golden Horde was still able to take and sack Moscow two years later, but its power soon disintegrated—an important factor being attacks by Timur (Tamerlane), coming from Turkistan.
To the east were the khanates of the house of Chagatai and the Il-Khans of Iran (Persia). Like the rulers of the Golden Horde, the rulers of the house of Chagatai considered themselves senior, in genealogy, to the house of Ögödei; they were frequently at odds with the great khan, with each other, and with the Il-Khans. On the other hand, the Il-Khans (the title itself implies subordination) accepted and supported the authority of the great khans. Like the Golden Horde, again, the house of Chagatai controlled wide pastures and therefore retained a strong nomadic base, while the Il-Khans, like the great khans (especially after Kublai [Khubilai] Khan moved his capital into China and founded the Yuan [Mongol] dynasty there), were directly affected by the urban influences of an old, highly developed civilization with a rich literary tradition. As in China, this situation led rather rapidly to the passage of real administrative control from Mongol hands into the hands of their subjects. The greatest of the Il-Khans was Hülegü (Khulagu, Hulagu)—a brother of Kublai Khan—who began the Il-Khan tradition of supporting the Yuan dynasty against the house of Chagatai and the Golden Horde.
Genghis Khan’s grandson, Godan Khan, invaded Tibet in 1240, after which he sought spiritual guidance from the Sakya Pandita, leader of the Sa-skya-pa (Sakyapa; Red Hat) school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Sakya Pandita, accompanied by his nephew, Phagspa Lama, journeyed to Godan’s camp (in what is now Gansu province, China). He and Godan created a patron-priest relationship in which the Sakya Pandita, in exchange for attending to Godan’s religious needs, was awarded temporal powers in Tibet.
As great khan, Ögödei authorized the continuation of Mongol campaigns in Russia and the west and also in China, where the disintegration of the Jin (Juchen) dynasty in 1234 had brought the Mongols face to face with the Nan Song dynasty in the Yangtze valley. Ögödei was also able to maintain a system of imperial representatives in the appanages of his imperial kinsmen in Central Asia and Iran but was less able to control the always insubordinate Golden Horde. He died in 1241 and was succeeded, after a stormy regency under his widow, Töregene, by his son Güyük (Kuyug), who had already quarreled with his cousin Batu of the Golden Horde. Güyük died at Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) in 1248, while preparing an attack on Batu.
In CE 1244, Godan Khan, intrigued by Sakya Pandita’s reputation, invited him to Mongolia to give Buddhist teaching through which, Godan Khan became a Buddhist, and appointed Sakya Pandita Viceroy of Tibet. In CE 1253, Chögyal Pagpa, the nephew of Sakya Pandita, became the religious teacher to Godan Khan’s famous successor, Kublai Khan.
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ, Cirílico : Гүдэн хаан, MNS : Güden Khaan), Ködan o Qödan ( chino simplificado : 阔 端 ; chino tradicional : 闊 端 ; pinyin : kuòduān, citado en “ Jami al-tawarikh ” bajo el nombre persa : كوتان) ( Kūtān) ( 1206 - 1247 o 1251), nieto de Gengis Khan, es el segundo hijo de Ogodei y Toreguene, y hermano de Guyuk.
Godan ( chino :闊端), también romanizado como Koden y Khodan , (1206–1251) era nieto de Genghis Khan . Dentro de la Casa de Ögedei , a veces llamada Ögedeids , había una influyente familia mongola . Godan administró gran parte de China antes de que Kublai Khan llegara al poder. Era el segundo hijo de Ögedei Khan y Töregene Khatun y hermano de Güyük Khan . Es ampliamente conocido ...
Godan was never a central figure in the Mongolian history of the l3th century. He was not a grcat khan and his appanage comprised comparatively peripheral lands between China, Mongolia and Tibet, in the territory of the modern Chinese provinces of Qinghai. The wars he waged were neither large-scale nor significant ones. See Full PDF. Download PDF.
