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1471 ( MCDLXXI) fue un año común comenzado en martes del calendario juliano . Acontecimientos. Los portugueses cruzan el ecuador terrestre. Sixto IV sucede a Paulo II como papa. Enrique VI es capturado por Eduardo IV en el transcurso de la Guerra de las dos Rosas. Se establece el Ducado de Ferrara.
- Cónclave de 1471
Cónclave de 1471. El cónclave llevado a cabo entre el 6 y el...
- Cónclave de 1471
1471. Year 1471 ( MCDLXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar . Events. January–December. January – Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar reach the gold-trading centre of Elmina on the Gold Coast of west Africa.
- Background
- Readeption of Henry Vi
- Edward's Landing and The Death of Warwick
- The Tewkesbury Campaign
- Battle
- Fauconberg's Repulse
- End of The Lancastrian Royal Family
- Re-Enactment
- Monument
- Sources
The term Wars of the Roses refers to the informal heraldic badges of the two rival houses of Lancaster and York, which had been contending for the English throne since the late 1450s. In 1461 the Yorkist claimant, Edward, Earl of March, was proclaimed King Edward IV and defeated the supporters of the weak, intermittently insane Lancastrian King Hen...
With no hope of a reconciliation with King Edward, Warwick's best hope of regaining power in England lay in restoring Henry VI to the throne. Louis XI of France feared a hostile alliance of Burgundy under Charles the Bold and England under Edward. He was prepared to support Warwick with men and money, but to give legitimacy to any uprising by Warwi...
With Warwick in power in England, it was Charles of Burgundy's turn to fear a hostile alliance of England and France. As an obvious counter to Warwick, he supplied King Edward with money (50,000 florins), ships, and several hundred men (including handgunners). Edward set sail from Flushing on 11 March 1471 with 36 ships and 1,200 men. He touched br...
Urged on by Louis XI, Margaret finally sailed on 24 March. Storms forced her ships back to France several times, and she and Prince Edward finally landed at Weymouth in Dorsetshire on the same day the Battle of Barnet was fought. While Margaret sheltered at nearby Cerne Abbey, the Duke of Somerset brought news of the disaster at Barnet to her. She ...
Lancastrian positions
As day broke on 4 May, the Lancastrians took up a defensive position a mile south of the town of Tewkesbury. To their rear were the River Avon and the Severn. Tewkesbury Abbey was just behind the Lancastrian centre. A farmhouse then known as Gobes Hall marked the centre of the Lancastrian position; nearby was "Margaret's camp", earthworks of uncertain age. Queen Margaret is said to have spent the night at Gobes Hall, before hastily taking refuge on the day of battle in a religious house some...
Edward's moves
The Yorkists numbered around 5,000–6,000 men.Like the Lancastrians, King Edward organised his army into three battles. Edward's vanguard was commanded by his youngest brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Although he was only 18 years old, Richard was already an experienced commander and had led a division at the Battle of Barnet. Edward himself commanded the main battle, in which Clarence was also stationed. Edward was 29 years old and at the height of his prowess as a soldier. His lifelong...
Action
As they moved towards the Lancastrian position, King Edward's army found that the ground was so broken up by woods, ditches, and embankments that it was difficult to attack in any sort of order. However, the Yorkist archers and artillery showered the Lancastrians with arrows and shot. The Yorkists certainly had more guns than their enemies, and they were apparently better served. Either to escape the cannonade and volleys of archery or because he saw an opportunity to outflank King Edward's i...
Edward was unable to rest after the battle. Lancastrians under Jasper Tudor were still active in Wales, and there was an ineffective rising in the North. Edward went to Coventry in the Midlands to make dispositions against the northern and Welsh Lancastrians, and give his army three days' rest. The most dangerous Lancastrian force, however, was tha...
On his way to suppress Fauconberg and the Kentish rebels, Edward passed through London in triumph on 21 May, with the captive Queen Margaret beside him in a chariot. King Henry VI died in the Tower of London that night, at the hands of or by the order of Richard of Gloucester according to several near contemporary accounts.However, the most contemp...
Every year the battle is re-enacted on the second weekend in July at the Tewkesbury Medieval Festival. The event (founded in 1984) is one of the largest events of its kind in Europe, attracting enthusiasts from all over the world.
The Tewkesbury Battlefield Society erected a monument to the battle in the form of two sculptures 5 metres (16 ft) high, of a victorious mounted knight and a defeated horse. Titled Arrivallafter the contemporary account of the battle, the work was created by Phil Bews out of green oak wood felled in Gloucestershire, and was dedicated on the anniver...
Churchill, Winston (1956). A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. Vol. 1. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-29500-0.English Heritage (1995). "English Heritage Battlefield Report: Tewkesbury 1471" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)on 1 August 2014.Goodchild, Steven J. (2005). Tewkesbury: Eclipse of the House of Lancaster – 1471. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military (published 14 March 2005). ISBN 1-84415-190-5.Gravett, Christopher (2003). Tewkesbury 1471: The last Yorkist victory (PDF). Oxford: Osprey Publishing (published 22 October 2003). ISBN 1-84176-514-7. Archived from the original (PDF)on 27 Februa...- 4 May 1471
- Yorkist victory
La Guerra Sueco-Danesa fue la primera guerra entre Dinamarca y Suecia. Los daneses invadieron Suecia por mar, siendo vencidos por los suecos en la batalla de Brunkeberg, en donde el rey danés Cristián I de Dinamarca fue herido por una bala de cañón.
- 1470–71
- Victoria sueca
- Mar Báltico y Suecia
The siege of London was an episode of the Wars of the Roses between 12 and 15 May 1471, in which adherents of the House of Lancaster commanded by Thomas Neville unsuccessfully attempted to storm the city and free King Henry VI, who had been imprisoned in the Tower of London by his rival Edward IV of the House of York.
- 12–15 May 1471
- London, England
- Yorkist victory
IEEE 1471. IEEE 1471 es un estándar IEEE reemplazado para describir la arquitectura de un "sistema intensivo en software", también conocido como arquitectura de software . En 2011 fue reemplazado por ISO / IEC / IEEE 42010: 2011, Ingeniería de sistemas y software - Descripción de la arquitectura .
