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Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, el Marqués de Paraná (11 de enero de 1801 – 3 de septiembre de 1856) fue un político, diplomático, juez y monárquico brasileño durante el período del Imperio del Brasil (1822-1889).
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquês do Paraná ( São Carlos do Jacuí, 11 de janeiro de 1801 – Rio de Janeiro, 3 de setembro de 1856) foi um estadista, diplomata e magistrado brasileiro. Paraná nasceu em uma família humilde da então capitania de Minas Gerais.
- Early Years
- Entry Into Politics
- Path to Conservatism
- Rise to Power and Fall
- Special Missions Abroad
- Conciliation Cabinet
- Legacy
- Titles and Honors
Birth and childhood
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão was born on 11 January 1801, in the freguesia (civil parish) of São Carlos do Jacuí, Minas Gerais, then a captaincy (later province) of the Portuguese colony of Brazil. Named after Saint Honorata, Honório Hermeto was the son of Antônio Neto Carneiro Leão and Joana Severina Augusta de Lemos. On his father's side, he was descended from Portugal's powerful Carneiro Leão clan, which had settled in Brazil in the 17th century. Antônio Neto, however, was much less prosp...
Education
At age 16, Honório Hermeto was commissioned as a lieutenant and standard-bearer of the 2nd Militia Cavalry Regiment, 1st Company, in Vila Rica. Antônio Neto made great efforts to provide Honório Hermeto with an education of much higher quality than would normally have been expected in a family of their limited financial means. The promotion to captain in 1819 increased Antônio Neto's income, allowing his eldest son to go to Portugal and enroll in the University of Coimbra's law school in 1820...
Magistrate and politician
On 20 May 1826, Honório Hermeto married his 17-year-old first cousin Maria Henriqueta Neto, the daughter of his father's brother João Neto Carneiro Leme. Unlike his brother, João Neto was a rich and influential man. Honório Hermeto and Maria Henriqueta had five children: Honório, Henrique (later Baron of Paraná), Maria Emília, Maria Henriqueta and Pedro. The advantageous marriage allowed Honório Hermeto to become a slave owner, assume his uncle's business, which included domestic slave tradin...
Political crises
Due to the weakening of his political position and his own concomitant motives, Pedro I abdicated on 7 April 1831 and departed for Europe. Without a common cause in the person of the former Emperor, the radical wing of the Liberal Party seceded. Honório Hermeto remained in the Liberal Party, which changed its name to Moderate Party to differentiate itself from its estranged radicals. Meanwhile, as the new emperor, Dom Pedro II, was only a child of five, a regency—with little effective authori...
Genesis of the Conservative Party
Honório Hermeto, by then a leading politician, was appointed Minister of Justice on 13 September 1832, effectively becoming the head of the cabinet.He resigned after eight months to avoid becoming entangled in the aftermath of an uprising in Minas Gerais, in which one of his relatives had been involved. Vasconcelos mounted a challenge to Honório Hermeto's position among his constituency, and by circulating rumors that the latter had links to the uprising, undercut his reputation at home and i...
Party leader in the Chamber of Deputies
Feijó's administration was unable to suppress the uprisings in both the north and south. By 1837, his government's credibility and support had vanished. Feijó resigned in August 1837 and Pedro de Araújo Lima (later the Marquis of Olinda), a Reactionary from Pernambuco Province, became interim regent and was elected to the office the next year. He appointed his colleagues to ministry portfolios. Honório Hermeto, who had been reelected to another term as general deputy until 1841, remained in t...
Liberal rebellions of 1842
The Liberal-Courtier coalition's cabinet, formed upon Pedro II's assumption of full powers, convoked national elections for seats in the legislature convene in 1842. The voting was accompanied by so much violence and fraud that it became known as Elections of the club (or Elections of the truncheon). For Honório Hermeto, this meant the loss of his seat as general deputy after his bid for reelection failed.The Liberal-Courtier cabinet did not survive long, however, and its ministers presented...
First presidency of the Council of Ministers
Sometime around 1843 (and certainly by 1844), the Reactionary Party was renamed to the Party of Order to distinguish itself from what the Reactionaries perceived as the "unruly" Liberals. Members of the Party of Order became known as saquaremas. The new name also reflected the maturation of principles the party had long advocated: liberalism, exceptionalism, preserving the authority of the state and a representative parliamentary monarchy. On 20 January 1843, Pedro II appointed Honório Hermet...
Praieira
The Courtier-Liberal alliance held near absolute sway over Brazilian politics for several years. By 1847, however, Pedro II had carefully removed members of the Courtier Faction from key positions. Aureliano Coutinho's influence was destroyed after the Emperor implicitly banned him from participation in political decision making. The monarch then moved against the Liberals. From 1844 through 1848, the country saw several successive Liberal cabinets, all plagued by internal divisions.Pedro II...
Platine War
By mid-1850, Honório Hermeto was back in Rio de Janeiro. He had found the months in Pernambuco excruciating. Being named provincial president would have been considered a great achievement for a young politician, but it added no luster to the reputation of a seasoned politician and a founding member of his party. Instead of being at the center of power, he was put in the humiliating position of having to submit to a cabinet composed of men with less political experience, such as Joaquim Rodri...
Second presidency of the Council of Ministers
After years of frustration, Honório Hermeto (or Paraná as he became known) had largely recouped the prestige he had formerly possessed among his peers. He had liquidated his uncle's domestic slave trading business and used the proceeds to become a coffee plantation owner in 1836. The land he acquired was located in the hills between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Although Paraná staunchly opposed the abolition of the transatlantic African slave trade, the importation of slaves was abolished...
Struggle over electoral reform
Formed in late 1853, the Conciliation cabinet faced the Parliament only when it gathered in May 1854. Paraná presented a bill to reform the Code of Criminal Procedure, which had already been reformed in 1841. In search of support, Paraná went as far as to aid Liberal candidates in the 1854 provincial elections. The opposition by most saquaremasto this judicial reform was so fierce that a year later, Paraná (who had been raised from Viscount to Marquis in late 1854) backed down and implicitly...
Apogee and unexpected death
In the end, both the Senate and the Chamber passed the electoral reform—which became known as Lei dos Círculos (Law of the Circles)—by a bare margin. The majority of the saquaremas voted against the bill. Paraná succeeded because, as founder and leader of the Conservative Party, he "had enormous charisma and a broad personal clientele in the Chamber" and "could (and did) dispense power, prestige, and patronage." Some saquaremasvoted in favor of the reform out of fear, believing that, should t...
By the early 1850s, Paraná had seen both his main foes–Aureliano Coutinho and Feijó–and their political factions fall into oblivion, while he rose to power. Eusébio de Queirós, his main rival within the Conservative Party, had attempted to rally the saquaremas against his project, and failed. Eusébio de Queirós and Paraná carried on their power str...
Nobility
1. Viscount of Paraná (Grandee) on 26 June 1852. 2. Marquis of Paraná on 2 December 1854.
Other
1. Member of the Brazilian Council of State. 2. Member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute. 3. Provedor (steward) of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia(Holy House of Mercy) in Rio de Janeiro city (1854–1856).
Honors
1. Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Christawarded on 18 March 1851. 2. Grand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosaawarded on 26 January 1856. 3. Grand Cross of the Russian Order of the White Eagle. 4. Officer of the Brazilian Order of the Southern Crossawarded on 10 August 1841. 5. Officer of the Brazilian Order of the Rose.
- Pedro II
- Marquis of Caxias
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, el Marqués de Paraná fue un político, diplomático, juez y monárquico brasileño durante el período del Imperio del Brasil (1822-1889). Como cofundador del Partido Conservador, defendió el liberalismo, excepcionalismo, autoridad estatal y una monarquía parlamentaria representativa.
28 de abr. de 2022 · Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, primeiro e único visconde com grandeza, conde e marquês de Paraná GCNSC (Jacuí, 11 de janeiro de 1801 — Rio de Janeiro, 3 de setembro de 1856), foi um estadista, diplomata, magistrado e político brasileiro.
- Jacuí, Minas Gerais
- Maria Henriqueta Neto, Marquesa de Paraná
- Minas Gerais
- January 11, 1801
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, marquês do Paraná. Publicado: Quinta, 29 de Agosto de 2019, 12h41 | Última atualização em Sexta, 01 de Novembro de 2019, 12h24 | Acessos: 3294. Tweetar. Nasceu na vila de Jacuí, Minas Gerais, em 11 de janeiro de 1801.
Honôrio Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marqués De Paraná ( b. 11 January 1801; d. 3 September 1856), Brazilian statesman and diplomat—the preeminent political figure of the 1850s. Because Paraná was a Coimbra-trained magistrate, his ascent as a jurist was rapid but was soon eclipsed by his political success in the early regency.
