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Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois, né le 9 octobre 1757 au château de Versailles ( France) et mort le 6 novembre 1836 à Görtz ( Autriche ), est roi de France et de Navarre de septembre 1824 à août 1830, sous le nom de Charles X .
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Charles X may refer to: Charles X of France (1757–1836) Charles X Gustav (1622–1660), King of Sweden; Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (1523–1590), recognized as Charles X of France but renounced the royal title; See also. All pages with titles containing Charles X; King Charles (disambiguation)
- 16 September 1824 – 2 August 1830
- Marie-Josèphe of Saxony
- Childhood and Adolescence
- Marriage and Private Life
- Crisis and French Revolution
- Life in Exile
- Bourbon Restoration
- King's Brother and Heir Presumptive
- Reign
- Second Exile and Death
- Honours
- Marriage and Issue
Charles Philippe of France was born in 1757, the youngest son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife, the Dauphine Marie Josèphe, at the Palace of Versailles. Charles was created Count of Artois at birth by his grandfather, the reigning King Louis XV.[citation needed] As the youngest male in the family, Charles seemed unlikely ever to become king. His e...
In November 1773, Charles married Marie Thérèse of Savoy. In 1775, Marie Thérèse gave birth to a boy, Louis Antoine, who was created Duke of Angoulême by Louis XVI. Louis-Antoine was the first of the next generation of Bourbons, as the king and the Count of Provence had not fathered any children yet, causing the Parisian libellistes (pamphleteers w...
Charles's political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, when it became apparent that the kingdom was bankrupt from previous military endeavours (in particular the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence) and needed fiscal reform to survive. Charles supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial...
Charles and his family decided to seek refuge in Savoy, his wife's native country, where they were joined by some members of the Condé family. Meanwhile, in Paris, Louis XVI was struggling with the National Assembly, which was committed to radical reforms and had enacted the Constitution of 1791. In March 1791, the Assembly also enacted a regency b...
In January 1814, Charles covertly left his home in London to join the Coalition forces in southern France. Louis XVIII, by then wheelchair-bound, supplied Charles with letters patent creating him Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of France. On 31 March, the Allies captured Paris. A week later, Napoleon I abdicated. The Senate declared the restorati...
While the king retained the liberal charter, Charles patronised members of the ultra-royalists in parliament, such as Jules de Polignac, the writer François-René de Chateaubriand and Jean-Baptiste de Villèle. On several occasions, Charles voiced his disapproval of his brother's liberal ministers and threatened to leave the country unless Louis XVII...
Domestic policies
Charles' brother King Louis XVIII's health had been worsening since the beginning of 1824. Suffering from both dry and wet gangrene in his legs and spine, he died on 16 September of that year, aged almost 69. Charles, by now in his 67th year, succeeded him to the throne as King Charles X of France. In his first act as king, Charles attempted to unify the House of Bourbon by granting the style of Royal Highness to his cousins of the House of Orléans, who had been deprived of this by Louis XVII...
Conquest of Algeria
On 31 January 1830, the Polignac government decided to send a military expedition to Algeria to put an end to the threat the Algerian pirates posed to Mediterranean trade and also increase the government's popularity with a military victory. The reason given for the war was that the Viceroy of Algeria, angry about French failure to pay debts stemming from Napoleon's invasion of Egypt, had struck the French consul with the handle of his fly swat.French troops occupied Algiers on 5 July.
July Revolution
The Chambers convened on 2 March 1830, as planned, but Charles's opening speech was greeted by negative reactions from many deputies. Some introduced a bill requiring the King's minister to obtain the support of the Chambers. On 18 March, 221 deputies, a majority of 30, voted in favor of the bill. However, the King had already decided to hold general elections, and the chamber was suspended on 19 March. Elections were held on 23 June, but did not produce a majority favorable to the government...
When it became apparent that a mob of 14,000 people was preparing to attack, the royal family left Rambouillet and, on 16 August, embarked for the United Kingdom on packet steamers provided by Louis Philippe. Informed by the British Prime Minister, the Duke of Wellington, that they needed to arrive in Britain as private citizens, all family members...
Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1825Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 2 October 1824Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Military William Order, 13 May 1825Charles X married Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy, the daughter of Victor Amadeus III, King of Sardinia, and Maria Antonietta of Spain, on 16 November 1773.The couple had four children – two sons and two daughters – but the daughters did not survive childhood. Only the oldest son survived his father. The children were: 1. Louis Antoine, Duke of Ango...
Charles X (born October 9, 1757, Versailles, France—died November 6, 1836, Görz, Austrian Empire [now Gorizia, Italy]) was the king of France from 1824 to 1830. His reign dramatized the failure of the Bourbons, after their restoration, to reconcile the tradition of the monarchy by divine right with the democratic spirit produced in the wake ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France and Navarre from 1824 to 1830. He was the grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII . Charles was known as Charles Philippe, comte d'Artois, until he became king.
