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En el Concilio Vaticano II (1962-1965) resurgió el debate sobre la primacía y la autoridad papal, y en la Constitución Dogmática sobre la Iglesia ( Lumen gentium) se profundizó en la enseñanza de la Iglesia católica romana sobre la autoridad del papa, los obispos y los concilios. 44 El Vaticano II trató de corregir la desequilibrada ...
Italy. Vatican City. The Papal States, officially the State of the Church ( Italian: Stato della Chiesa, Italian pronunciation: [ˈstato della ˈkjɛːza]; Latin: Status Ecclesiasticus; [2] also Dicio Pontificia ), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.
The lira was the currency of Italy from its unification until it was merged into the euro in 1999. A unit of currency lira had previously been used in some of the states and possessions that became Italy but their values were not necessarily equivalent. (See Luccan lira, Papal lira, Parman lira, Sardinian lira and Tuscan lira.)
The Turkish lira, the French livre (until 1794), the Italian lira (until 2002), Lebanese pound and the pound unit of account in sterling (a translation of the Latin libra; the word "pound" as a unit of weight is still abbreviated as "lb.") are the modern descendants of the ancient currency. The lira was introduced as the main unit of account in ...
The name of giulio was also used by other papal mints and some Italian ones. The papal giulio of Bologna was forged in Masserano by a Fieschi before 1597. This coin weighed only 3.4 grams. [1] The last coin minted with this name was the silver giulio struck by Pius VII in 1817; it weighed 2,642 g and had a title of 917/1000.
Bolognino. Bolognino of Pope Urban V (1362-1370). A bolognino struck in Republican Perugia (1395-1471). The bolognino was a coin minted in Bologna and other cities of medieval Italy from the late 12th century to the 17th century. [1]
