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29 de may. de 2021 · Introduction. Robert Michels (Cologne 1876 – Rome 1936) was a German-born scholar most famously known for his work Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, in which he posited an “iron law of oligarchy” whereby large democratically structured organizations contain a tendency toward ...
Iron law of oligarchy. The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory first developed by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book Political Parties. [1] It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy, is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities ...
Robert Michels (Colónia, 9 de janeiro de 1876 — Roma, 3 de maio de 1936) foi um sociólogo alemão radicado na Itália. Michels analisou o comportamento político das elites intelectuais , tornando-se conhecido pela sua obra Sociologia dos partidos políticos ( 1915 ).
Robert Michels, in italiano: Roberto Michels ( Colonia, 9 gennaio 1876 – Roma, 3 maggio 1936 ), è stato un sociologo e politologo tedesco naturalizzato italiano che studiò il comportamento politico delle élite intellettuali e contribuì a definire la teoria dell' elitismo. La sua opera più nota è il saggio sulla sociologia dei partiti ...
Robert Michels has frequently been subjected to analysis as a theorist of social elites, and as a proponent of the ‘iron law of oligarchy’. Michels is best known for his investigation of the tendency of political parties to generate self-serving, self-perpetuating bureaucracies which become ends in themselves, regardless of the party’s ostensible ideological goals.
Nevertheless, Robert Dahl, in his classic Democracy and Its Critics (1989), criticises Michels, whom he labels, with Mosca and Pareto, “theorists of minority domination”, for having extrapolating from his study of political parties to defining the whole political system as oligarchic.
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