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Hace 3 días · The physics controlling this very early period (including quantum gravity in the Planck epoch) is not understood, so we cannot say what, if anything, happened before time zero. Since the Planck epoch, the universe has been expanding to its present scale, with a very short but intense period of cosmic inflation speculated to have occurred within the first 10 −32 seconds. [40]
Hace 2 días · Quantum computing. Quantum System One, a quantum computer by IBM from 2019 with 20 superconducting qubits [1] A quantum computer is a computer that takes advantage of quantum mechanical phenomena. On small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior, specifically quantum ...
Hace 2 días · In physics, engineeringand mathematics, the Fourier transform(FT) is an integral transformthat takes as input a functionand outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function. The output of the transform is a complex-valued function of frequency.
Hace 4 días · For the informal notion in other parts of mathematics and science, see Mathematical model. In mathematical logic, model theory is the study of the relationship between formal theories (a collection of sentences in a formal language expressing statements about a mathematical structure ), and their models (those structures in which the statements ...
Hace 4 días · Central limit theorem. In probability theory, the central limit theorem ( CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample mean converges to a standard normal distribution. This holds even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.
Hace 1 día · The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. (For notable practitioners in previous centuries, see history of scientific method .) The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous scepticism, because cognitive ...
Hace 5 días · Look up calculus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In mathematics education, calculus denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis, which are mainly devoted to the study of functions and limits. The word calculus is Latin for "small pebble" (the diminutive of calx, meaning "stone"), a meaning which still persists in medicine.
