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Hace 14 horas · Moreover, from the theoretical physics standpoint, dynamical chaos itself, in its most general manifestation, is a spontaneous order. The essence here is that most orders in nature arise from the spontaneous breakdown of various symmetries. This large family of phenomena includes elasticity, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and many others.
Hace 14 horas · 1. /. 3. A quark ( / kwɔːrk, kwɑːrk /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. [1] All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.
Hace 14 horas · In physics, Planck's law (also Planck radiation law [1] : 1305 ) describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T, when there is no net flow of matter or energy between the body and its environment. [2]
Hace 14 horas · Theoretical laws would be reduced to empirical laws, while theoretical terms would garner meaning from observational terms via correspondence rules. Mathematics in physics would reduce to symbolic logic via logicism, while rational reconstruction would convert ordinary language into standardized equivalents, all networked and united by a logical syntax .
Hace 14 horas · e. Charles Sanders Peirce ( / pɜːrs / [8] [9] PURSS; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism ". [10] [11] According to philosopher Paul Weiss, Peirce was "the most original and versatile of America's philosophers and America ...
Hace 14 horas · Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. [1] It has applications in many fields of social science, used extensively in economics as well as in logic, systems science and computer science. [2] Traditional game theory addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which a participant's gains or ...
Hace 14 horas · In December 1972, Dr. Abdus Salam directed a secretly coded memo to Pakistani scientists working at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Italy to report to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Munir Ahmad Khan, informing them about the program what was to be equivalent of the US "Manhattan Project."
