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  1. Levan (Georgian: ლევანი), also known by his Muslim name Shah-Qoli Khan (Persian: شاه قلی سلطان, romanized: Shāh Qolī Khān) (born c. 1653 – 30 May 1709) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) and the fourth son of the king of Kartli Shahnawaz (Vakhtang V). He was a titular king of Kartli in 1709.

  2. Levan's presumed tomb was discovered in the south-western corner of the Gremi church in 2021. Biography. He was the son of George II of Kakheti by his wife Helene née Irubakidze-Cholokashvili. George II led a series of unsuccessful raids into his western neighbor, kingdom of Kartli, ruled by a rival

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    Disintegration of the Kingdom of Georgia into warring states

    From circa 1450, in the Kingdom of Georgiarival movements arose among competing feudal factions within the royal house and nobility. These caused a high degree of instability across the entire territory of the kingdom. This period was characterised by feudal competition, separatism, and civil war. Major disintegration of the Georgian kingdom dates from 1463 with the defeat of George VIII at the Battle of Chikhori by the rebellious nobleman Bagrat. The latter destroyed any outward vestige of G...

    Developments in western Georgia

    Alexander son of Bagrat VI retired to the mountainous western provinces of Racha and Lechkhumi, from which he tried to ascend the throne of Imereti. He summoned "Dadiani, Gurieli, Sharvashidze and Gelovani" to attend his coronation, but headed by Vameq II Dadiani, the latter refused to support him and instead invited Constantine to Western Georgia. With the help of the local dukes, Constantine took Kutaisi and briefly restored the integrity of Kartli with Western Georgia. In 1481, Constantine...

    Later developments

    These new realms were not long at peace. Soon after coming into power, George II of Kakheti launched an expedition against Kartli, intending to depose King David Xand conquer his kingdom. David's brother Bagrat successfully defended the kingdom and managed to capture George II in an ambush. Peace did not survive long in the west either, as David X faced incursions from Alexander II of Imereti, who was somewhat less successful than his Kakhetian counterpart. In 1513, the Kingdom of Kartli mana...

    Green, Nile (2019). The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca. University of California Press.
    Melville, Charles (2021). Safavid Persia in the Age of Empires: The Idea of Iran. Bloomsbury. In Kartli, by contrast, in order to rein in the non-compliant vassal David X, in 1522 (or 1524) the sha...
    Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). "Rostom Khan (ca. 1565-1658)". Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 548–549.
    Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. Reaktion Books.
  3. El reino de Kartli (en georgiano: ქართლის სამეფო) fue un estado feudal que existió desde los años 1466-1484 hasta 1727, que tenía la ciudad de Tiflis como capital. Durante gran parte de ese tiempo el reino fue vasallo del Imperio persa.

  4. Levan ( Georgian: ლევანი ), also known by his Muslim name Shah-Qoli Khan ( Persian: شاه قلی سلطان, romanized: Shāh Qolī Khān) (born c. 1653 – 30 May 1709) was a Georgian royal prince ( batonishvili) and the fourth son of the king of Kartli Shahnawaz (Vakhtang V). He was a titular king of Kartli in 1709.

  5. To strengthen their partnership, Levan again arranged a strategic marriage for his sister Maria—this time to Kartli’s new King. Drawing of Levan II To attend the wedding in 1634, the families of both Levan and Rostom were obliged to pass through Imereti, and they received intelligence that the Levan’s old rival, King George of Imereti, planned to assassinate them en route.

  6. 1 de ene. de 2000 · KAKHETI – Encyclopaedia Iranica. KAKHETI, a region in eastern Georgia. Historically the region represented part of Iberia (see KARTLI) Kingdom. After the Arab invasion in Georgia in the mid-8th century the Kakheti principality was created.