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Spencer Perceval is the only British prime minister to have been assassinated, having been shot on 11 May 1812 by John Bellingham, a merchant who blamed the government for his debt. From 1882 to 1990, six MPs were assassinated by Irish nationalists.
- Period of Service
- Terms of Pms and Reigns of Sovereigns
- Age
- General Elections
- Pms Who Served from (or Later entered) The House of Lords
- Service in House of Commons
- Number of Living Former Pms
- Died in Office
- Armed Forces Veterans
- Decorated
Longest term
The prime minister with the longest single term was Robert Walpole, lasting 20 years and 315 days from 3 April 1721 until 11 February 1742.This is also longer than the accumulated terms of any other prime minister.
Shortest term
Liz Truss holds the record for the shortest unequivocal term of office, at 49 days. She was appointed by Elizabeth II at Balmoral Castle on 6 September 2022, and officially resigned as prime minister to Charles III at Buckingham Palace on 25 October 2022. George Canningholds the record for the second shortest term in office, dying in office on 8 August 1827, 119 days after his appointment. However, the record of the shortest term may depend on the criteria used. Lord Bath technically assumed...
Period between first and last day as PM
The prime minister with the longest period between the start of their first appointment and the end of their final term was the Duke of Portland, whose first term began on 2 April 1783 and whose second and final term ended on 4 October 1809, a period of about 26 years and 6 months.
The office of prime minister has coincided with the reigns of twelve British monarchs (including a Regency during the incapacity of George IIIfrom 1811 to his death in 1820), to whom the prime minister has been constitutionally head of government to the sovereign's headship of state. Until 1837, the death of a sovereign led to Parliament being diss...
Age at appointment
The youngest prime minister to be appointed was William Pitt the Youngeron 19 December 1783 at the age of 24 years and 208 days. The oldest prime minister to be appointed for the first time was Lord Palmerstonon 6 February 1855 at the age of 70 years and 109 days. The oldest prime minister to be appointed overall, and oldest to win a General Election, was William Ewart Gladstone, who was born on 29 December 1809 and appointed for the final time on 15 August 1892 at the age of 82 years and 231...
Age on leaving office
The youngest prime minister to leave office was the Duke of Grafton, who retired in 1770, aged 34. The oldest was Gladstone, who was 84 years at the time of his final retirement in 1894.
Age differences of outgoing and incoming PMs
Greatest age difference – Lord Rosebery (born 7 May 1847) was 37 years, 129 days younger than William Ewart Gladstone(born 29 December 1809) whom he succeeded after the final retirement of the latter in 1894. Smallest age difference – George Canning (born 11 April 1770) was 57 days senior to Lord Liverpool(born 7 June 1770), whom he succeeded after Liverpool retired in 1827. Canning and Liverpool were one of four pairs of immediately consecutive prime ministers who shared a birth year, the ot...
Most PMs in office between general elections
There have been two intervals between general elections, both in the 18th century, when on both occasions five successive prime ministers were in office. 1. Between the general elections of 1761 and 1768: the Duke of Newcastle (resigned 26 May 1762), Lord Bute (resigned 8 April 1763), George Grenville (resigned 10 July 1765), Lord Rockingham (resigned 30 July 1766) and Lord Chatham(until dissolution of the parliament). 2. In the shorter interval between the general elections of 1780 and 1784:...
Most general elections contested as party leader
The most general elections contested by an individual is six. H. H. Asquith contested the January 1910, December 1910, 1918, 1922, 1923 and the 1924general elections. The most general elections lost by an individual is four. Charles James Fox was unsuccessful after contesting the 1784, 1790, 1796 and 1802 general elections, and subsequently never became prime minister. The most general elections won by an individual is four. Robert Walpole, Lord Liverpool, William Ewart Gladstone, and Harold...
Age at losing a general election
The youngest person to be on the losing side at a general election was Charles James Fox, who led his Whig Party to defeat in the 1784 general election when aged 35. The youngest prime minister to be on the losing side at a general election was Lord Rosebery, who, having resigned his ministry in May 1895, led his Liberal Party to defeat in the general election the following month when aged 48. Since peers ceased to hold this office (1902), the youngest losing prime minister was John Major, at...
John Russellwas unique in serving one entire term at Downing Street as Commons MP, when known as Lord John Russell (as younger son of a Duke of Bedford) in 1846–1852, and his second and last entirely as a member of the Lords as the 1st Earl Russell in 1865–1866, having been raised to the peerage between terms in 1861. Without counting Lord Russell,...
The shortest period between entering Parliament and being appointed prime minister was achieved by William Pitt the Younger who became prime minister two years after first becoming an MP. The longest period of service as an MP before becoming prime minister was 47 years for Lord Palmerston. The oldest debut of a future prime minister as MP was by N...
None
Four prime ministers have been in office at a time when no former prime ministers were alive. 1. Robert Walpole– As the first prime minister, for his entire term, April 1721 to February 1742. 2. Henry Pelham– From the death of Robert Walpole in March 1745, until his own death in March 1754. 3. The Duke of Newcastle– For his entire first term, June 1754 to May 1756. 4. William Ewart Gladstone– From the death of Benjamin Disraeli in April 1881 until the end of his second term in June 1885.
One
Twelve prime ministers have been in office at times when only one former prime minister has been alive at or for each time. 1. Lord Wilmington– From his appointment in February 1742 until his death in July 1743, only Robert Walpole was alive. 2. Henry Pelham– From his appointment in August 1743 until the death of Robert Walpole, in March 1745, only Walpole was alive. 3. The Duke of Newcastle– In his second term, July 1757 to May 1762, only the Duke of Devonshire was alive. 4. The Duke of Devo...
Most
Following the resignation of Liz Trussin October 2022, there are currently seven living former prime ministers, which is the record for the number of living former prime ministers at any time. From oldest to youngest: May and Truss are still serving members of the House of Commons and of the governing Conservative Party. Cameron is a serving member of the House of Lords from which he serves as the Foreign Secretary, making him the only former prime minister to hold a government office as of J...
Seven prime ministers have died in office: 1. Lord Wilmington– died on 2 July 1743, aged 70 2. Henry Pelham– died on 6 March 1754, aged 59 3. Lord Rockingham– died on 1 July 1782, aged 52 4. William Pitt the Younger– died on 23 January 1806, aged 46; the youngest to die in office 5. Spencer Perceval – was assassinated by John Bellinghamon 11 May 18...
The earliest prime minister to be an armed forces veteran was Henry Pelham (1743–1754), who had served as a volunteer soldier in James Dormer's Regiment of Dragoons during the Jacobite rising of 1715 and fought at the Battle of Prestonthat year against the Jacobite forces. The most recent prime minister to be an armed forces veteran was James Calla...
The most decorated British prime minister was Winston Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, who received a total of 38 orders, decorations and medals,[note 2] from the United Kingdom and thirteen other states (on continents of Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America). Ten were awarded for active service as an Army officer in Cuba, India, Egypt, South Africa, ...
15 de oct. de 2021 · Dan Sabbagh. Fri 15 Oct 2021 13.03 EDT. Sir David Amess is the first MP since Jo Cox was murdered five and half years ago to have been killed while serving as a member of parliament, one of six who...
- Dan Sabbagh
Earl of Wilmington – Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. Whig: 1743-54: Henry Pelham – During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender. He died in office. Whig ...
1 de nov. de 2012 · But seven British Prime Ministers died in office and a further nine died within two-and-a-half years of leaving Number 10. Overall since the eighteenth century, the average age of all...
18 de oct. de 2021 · The only British prime minister to have been assassinated, Spencer Perceval was gunned down in the lobby of Parliament on 11 May 1812 by John Bellingham, a failed merchant from Liverpool,...
