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The historic counties of England are areas that were established for administration by the Normans, in many cases based on earlier kingdoms and shires created by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Celts and others. They are alternatively known as ancient counties, traditional counties, former counties or simply as counties.
- 39 (as of 1 April 1889)
- England
- c. 21,000—3.4 million (1881)
The historic counties of England were mostly formed as shires or divisions of the earlier kingdoms which gradually united by the 10th century to become England. The counties were initially used primarily for the administration of justice, overseen by a sheriff.
Some English counties owe their names to the earliest Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th and 6th centuries. These settlers formed small socio-political units that slowly grew into powerful kingdoms able to claim dominance over smaller kingdoms.
History. England. The division of England into shires, later known as counties, began in the Kingdom of Wessex in the mid-Saxon period, many of the Wessex shires representing previously independent kingdoms. With the Wessex conquest of Mercia in the 9th and 10th centuries, the system was extended to central England.
England - Counties, Geography, History: For ceremonial purposes, every part of England belongs to one of 47 geographic, or ceremonial, counties, which are distinct from the historic counties. The monarch appoints a lord lieutenant and a high sheriff to represent each geographic county.
England's counties can trace their origins back to the 5th century AD, a time when the country was divided into several Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Kingdom of Wessex was the first to organise itself into counties that we still recognise today, such as Surrey, Kent and Essex.
England - Regions, Counties, History | Britannica. Contents. Home Geography & Travel States & Other Subdivisions. Traditional regions. Although England is a small and homogeneous country bound together by law, administration, and a comprehensive transport system, distinctive regional differences have arisen from the country’s geography and history.
