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19 de ene. de 2007 · His books include Prejudice and Your Child (1963), The Dark Ghetto: Dilemmas of Social Power (1965), and Crisis in Education (1971). He was awarded numerous prizes including the NAACP’s Spingarn Medal in 1961. Kenneth Clark retired from teaching in 1975 and died in New York City on May 1, 2005 at the age of 90. Subjects:
Clark was elected president of the American Psychological Association for his contribution to psychology, receiving their Gold Medal Award. He advocated for family consumer service through his work and built a consulting firm concentrating on his racial policies. Dr. Kenneth B. Clark died on May 1, 2005. To Become a Psychologist
- Brief Overview
- Biography
- Principal Publications
- Theories
- Historical Context
- Critical Response
- Theories in Action
- Chronology
- Bibliography
Kenneth Bancroft Clark (1914– ), an eminent American social psychologist, educator, and human rights activist, is well known for his expert testimony in the consolidated school desegregation cases known as Brown v. Board of Education. The landmark case, argued by the NAACP legal team before the Supreme Court in 1954, declared school segregation a v...
Harlem: The early years
New York's Harlem village was a thriving African-American community on the threshold of a Renaissance in 1919 when Kenneth Bancroft Clark arrived on a passenger boat from the Panama CanalZone. Kenneth's mother, Miriam Hanson Clark, left her husband and home in Panama to bring her children, Kenneth, almost five, and two-year-old Beulah, to live in a country she believed would offer her children more opportunity. Within the decade, the black population of Harlem had increased by 100,000. TheCla...
Prejudice and Your Child.Boston: Beacon Press, 1955; 1957.The Negro Protest: James Baldwin, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King talk with Kenneth B. Clark.Boston: Beacon Press, 1963.With Jeannette Hopkins. A Relevant War Against Poverty.New York: Harper and Row, 1970.A Possible Reality: A Design for the Attainment of High Academic Achievement for Inner-City Students.New York: Emerson Hall, 1972.Civil rights and social science
Main points Kenneth Bancroft Clark, the "antiracist psychologist-activist" emerged as a prominent social scientist in the mid-twentieth century largely as a result of his role in the 1954 Brown v. Board of EducationSupreme Court case. Clark remained a politically engaged intellectual throughout his career and boldly articulated the democratic ideal of equal rights during decades of legitimized racism and de facto segregation. Clark applied social psychology to leverage democratic social chang...
Social science and the rule of law: Desegregation
Clark strove to protect the psychological well-being of all children. Working through the summer of 1953, he gathered all the information he could find on desegregation, completing a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the subject. He published the results of this research in an article entitled "Desegregation: An Appraisal of the Evidence" in the Journal of Social Issuesin 1953. Clark served on a committee of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI),...
Articulating the principles of democracy
During his long tenure as a professor of psychology at City College, City University of New York, Clark continued to articulate his theories and to work to counter the negative effects of prejudice and discrimination. His book Prejudice and Your Child,published in 1955, was an attempt to provide parents with "a clear understanding of the nature of racial prejudices and the effects of these prejudices upon American society in general and upon the personality development of children." Clark wro...
Racism permeated every aspect of American life throughout Clark's educational and career years. His theoretical research reflected a deep concern for the psychological damage racism inflicts on the entire community, particularly young children. He came of age during a time of entrenched racial apartheid, enforced by law and sustained by custom. As ...
Kenneth and Mamie Phipps-Clark's primary research on racial identification and preference in black school children, published from 1939 to 1950, was replicated and extended by the work of various social scientists in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Clarks' conclusion that segregated schools cause psychological damage to black children was a view sha...
The volatile issues of racism, racial identity, and equal protection of the law came dramatically to the forefront in the second half of the twentieth century. These issues continue to be the subject of research and public debate in the twenty-first century. The pioneering work of early social psychologists such as Kenneth Bancroft Clark and Mamie ...
1914:Clark born in Panama. 1919:Comes to America with mother and sister. 1931:Graduates from high school in New York City. 1934:Earns his bachelor's degree from Howard University. Gains his master's the following year. 1950: Publishes "Effect of Prejudice and Discrimination on Personality Development" for the Mid-Century White House Conference on C...
Sources
Andersen, Margaret L., and Howard F. Taylor. "Socialization and Self Esteem." Sociology: Understanding a diverse Society.,3rd ed [cited April 26, 2004]. http://164.78.63.75/Samples/0450203AndersenTaylorUDS3Ch3.pdf. Andrews, Louis. "Why not Limited Separation?" Stalking the Wild Taboo. A review of Integration or Separation: A Strategy for Racial Equality,by Roy L. Brooks [cited April 17, 2004] http://www.1rainc.com/swtaboo/library/lra_si.html. "Back to neighborhood schools, 'with all deliberat...
Further readings
Armor, David. Forced Justice: School Desegregation and the Law. Oxford UniversityPress, 1995. Clark, Kenneth Bancroft. Dark Ghetto: Dilemmas of Social Power.Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1989. Clark, Kenneth Bancroft. The Negro Protest: James Baldwin, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King talk with Kenneth B. Clark.Boston: Beacon Press, 1963. Clark, Kenneth Bancroft. Pathos of Power.New York: Harper and Row, 1974. Clark, Kenneth Bancroft. Prejudice and Your Child.Boston: Beacon...
Kenneth B. Clark is also known for conducting the Doll Tests, which sought to determine the psychological effect that segregation had on African American children (African American Registry, n.d.). In his famous experiment, he asked African American children to choose between a Black doll and a White doll.
In a career that spanned half a century, Dr. Kenneth B. Clark was one of America’s towering figures in the social sciences. Considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century, Dr. Clark confronted racism, inequity and injustice in both the profession and the larger social world – and prevailed.
Kenneth B. Clark was asocial psychologist and educator, whose research, writing, and activism had asignificant impact on racial issues within the USA. Clark was born on July 14, 1914, in the Panama Canal Zone.
Psychologists Kenneth Bancroft Clark and his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark, designed the “Doll Study” as a test to measure the psychological effects of segregation on black children. The Clarks’ “Doll Study” became the first psychological research to be cited by the Supreme Court and was significant in the Court’s decision to end school segregation.
