Platonism, any philosophy that derives its ultimate inspiration from Plato. Though there was in antiquity a tradition about Plato’s “unwritten doctrines,” Platonism then and later was based primarily on a reading of the dialogues. But these can be read in many different ways, often very selectively, and it may be that all that the various kinds of Platonism can be said to have in common ...
This modern Platonism has been endorsed in one way or another at one time or another by numerous philosophers, such as Bernard Bolzano, who argue for anti-psychologism. Plato's works have been decisively influential for 20th century philosophers such as Alfred North Whitehead and his Process Philosophy ; and for the critical realism and metaphysics of Nicolai Hartmann .
Platonism , Any philosophy that embodies some major idea of Plato’s, especially in taking abstract forms as metaphysically more basic than material things. Though there was in antiquity a tradition about Plato’s “unwritten doctrines,” Platonism then and later was based primarily on a reading of the dialogues.
- What Is Platonism?
- A Taxonomy of Positions
- The One Over Many Argument
- The Singular Term Argument
- The Epistemological Argument Against Platonism
Platonism is the view that there exist abstract (that is, non-spatial,non-temporal) objects (see the entry on abstract objects). Because abstract objects are wholly non-spatiotemporal, it followsthat they are also entirely non-physical (they do not exist in thephysical world and are not made of physical stuff) and non-mental(they are not minds or i...
There are not very many alternatives to platonism. One can reject theexistence of things like numbers and universals altogether. Or one canmaintain that there do exist such things as numbers and universals,and instead of saying that they are abstract objects, one can say thatthey are mental objects of some sort (usually, the claim is that theyare i...
There are two mainstream arguments for platonism. The first, whichgoes back to Plato, is an argument for the existence of properties andrelations only; this is the One Over Many argument. Thesecond is also present in some sense in the works of Plato (at leaston some readings of those works), but its first modern formulation,and certainly the first ...
The general argument strategy here has roots in the work of Plato, butits first clear formulation was given by Frege (1884, 1892,1893–1903, and 1919). We begin with a general formulation of theargument: 1. If a simple sentence (i.e., a sentence of the form‘a is F’, or ‘a isR-related to b’, or…) is literallytrue, then the objects that its singular t...
Over the years, anti-platonist philosophers have presented a number ofarguments against platonism. One of these arguments stands out as thestrongest, namely, the epistemological argument. This argument goesall the way back to Plato, but it has received renewed interest since1973, when Paul Benacerraf presented a version of the argument. Mostof the ...
Platonism Explained. Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary platonists do not necessarily accept all of the doctrines of Plato. Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought. Platonism at least affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to exist in a ...
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