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Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG, CH, PC, DL (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), also known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a prominent British Conservative Party politician; he was effectively Deputy Prime Minister to Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan, although he only held ...
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17 de ago. de 2020 · Richard Austen Butler - who was always known as 'Rab' - was born on 9 December 1902 in India. He was educated at Cambridge University and in 1923 became Conservative member of parliament for...
Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG, CH, PC, DL (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a British Conservative politician. From July 1941 to May 1945 Butler served as President of the Board of Education, his first Cabinet level post, although he ...
- Backbench Mp
- India Office Minister
- Foreign Office Minister
- Final Months at Foreign Office
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Butler was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Saffron Walden in the 1929 general election and held the seat until his retirement in 1965. His father advised him that he lacked facility for executive decision making and that he should aim to become Speaker.He also warned him in 1926 not to acquire a reputation as a bore by specialising in Indian ...
Parliamentary Private Secretary and appointment as junior minister
In August 1931, when the National Government was formed, Butler was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to India Secretary Samuel Hoare. The India Committee, one of whose leading lights was Winston Churchill, had been formed to resist plans for greater Indian self-government after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact.[b] Butler's wife, Sydney had written to his mother that she would "pray for snow and sleet" if Mahatma Gandhi visited London in his loincloth. As PPS, Butler was Hoare's eyes and e...
White paper and Joint Select Committee
The government published a white paper in March 1933 that contained proposals for Indian Home Rule. At the end of March, Butler had to open for the government on the last day of the debate on the proposals. He called for a Joint Select Committee of Both Houses to examine the recent White Paper and make proposals for a bill. Expecting a fierce response from Churchill, he compared himself (29 March) to "a bullock calf tied to a tree, awaiting the arrival of the Lord of the Forest" and added tha...
Government of India Act
After a year and a half, the Joint Select Committee reported in November 1934. A bill was drawn up, which Butler helped to pilot through the House of Commons in the first half of 1935. The bill was immensely long, containing 473 clauses and 16 schedules, and the debates took up 4,000 pages of Hansard. During the passage of the bill, Churchill praised Butler in the House of Commons (5 June 1935) but not Hoare with whom Churchill had clashed badly after Churchill had accused him of interfering...
February 1938: Appointment
In February 1938, Butler was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the reshuffle caused by the resignation of Anthony Eden as Foreign Secretary and Lord Cranborne as Under-Secretary. At an early meeting with a German diplomat on 24 February, shortly before his formal assumption of office, Butler spoke of how little support Eden had enjoyed in the Cabinet, of the recent sidelining of the anti-German foreign office mandarin Robert Vansittartand of how Butler believed that th...
Summer 1938: Czechoslovakia
In internal foreign office discussions after the Anschluss, Butler counselled against a British guarantee to go to war to defend Czechoslovakia and approved of the Cabinet decision (22 March) not to give one (he later omitted these facts from his memoirs). Halifax and Butler assisted Chamberlain in drafting his Commons statement for 24 March. Chamberlain did not rule out war altogether but was influenced by advice from the chiefs of staff that Czechoslovakia was indefensible.[h]Jago argues th...
Autumn 1938 to spring 1939: from Munich to Prague
One of Butler's constituents in Saffron Walden was the businessman Ernest Tennant. A leading member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, he pushed for Anglo-German friendship until he became convinced of Hitler's malignant intentions in the winter of 1938–1939. On 30 November, Butler gave a speech to a group of politicians and business leaders called "The Parlour". His surviving notes, discussed with Chamberlain's foreign policy advisor Horace Wilson, indicate that he thought that Hitler would "Bl...
Butler kept his job and was allowed to make two broadcasts on the BBC on 21 October and 15 December 1940. At the reshuffle on Chamberlain's resignation from the government on 22 October 1940, Churchill's close ally Brendan Bracken offered Butler promotion to the Cabinet-level job of President of the Board of Education, but no offer was forthcoming ...
Addison, Paul (1994). The Road to 1945. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0712659321.Ball, Simon (2004). The Guardsmen. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-002-57110-4.Bouverie, Tim (2019). Appeasing Hitler. London: Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1-847-92440-7.Campbell, John (2010). Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. London: Vintage. ISBN 978-1-845-95091-0.(contains an essay on Macmillan and Butler)Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Rab ButlerThe Master of Trinity at Trinity College, Cambridge- 8 March 1982 (aged 79), Great Yeldham, Essex, England
Richard Austen Butler was a British Conservative politician who rose to fame during his tenure as the Education Minister (1941–45). He was the one responsible for overseeing the Education Act 1944 which changed the education system for secondary schools in England and Wales.
He became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1964, but continued sporadic political activity in the House of Lords after 1965. From: Butler, Richard Austen, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden in A Dictionary of Contemporary World History ».
1944 Education Act. The first of these, which has dominated writings on educational reform during the war, concerns the origins of the legislation identified with the Conservative minister, R.A. Butler. In August 1944. sections of the national press claimed that the recent passage of the government's education bill through parliament owed much ...
