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5 de may. de 2024 · The first has been the rise of Sinn Féin. The second has been its fall. A month away from local and European elections and, at most, 10 months from a general election, how is the party dealing...
- Overview
- History
Sinn Féin, (Irish: “We Ourselves” or “Ourselves Alone”) political party that long was widely regarded as the political wing of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), though from at least the 1990s both organizations emphasized their separateness. Organized in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, Sinn Féin strives for an end to the po...
The early history of Sinn Féin is closely associated with Arthur Griffith, leader of Cumann na nGaedheal (“Party of the Irish”). At a meeting in Dublin in October 1902, Cumann na nGaedheal formally adopted Griffith’s policy of “Sinn Féin,” which included passive resistance to the British, withholding of taxes, and the establishment of an Irish ruling council and independent local courts. By 1905 the name Sinn Féin had been transferred from the policy to its adherents.
Sinn Féin was of little importance until the Easter Rising in Dublin (1916), after which it became the rallying point for extreme nationalist sentiment, referred to as Republicanism. The unequivocal demand by Sinn Féin’s leader, Eamon de Valera, for a united and independent Ireland won the party 73 of the 105 Irish seats in the British Parliament in 1918. Sinn Féin members of Parliament met in Dublin in January 1919 and declared themselves the parliament of an Irish republic, setting up a provisional government to rival Ireland’s British administration.
The ensuing Irish War of Independence (Anglo-Irish War, 1919–21) between the IRA and the British army was ended by the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), which was negotiated by representatives of Sinn Féin—most notably Michael Collins—and British officials, including Prime Minister David Lloyd George. The treaty did not grant Ireland full independence, however. Twenty-six of the 32 counties of Ireland became the Irish Free State, which held dominion status within the British Empire until its withdrawal from the Commonwealth in 1949; the remaining six counties, sometimes referred to as the province of Ulster, continued to be part of the United Kingdom. The treaty split Sinn Féin into two factions, one supporting the treaty under the leadership of Collins and the other opposing the treaty under Eamon de Valera. The two sides fought against each other in the Irish civil war (1922–23), which ended in the defeat of the anti-treaty forces.
In 1926, after a dispute concerning the conditions under which Sinn Féin would take part in elections for the Dáil, de Valera resigned as Sinn Féin leader and founded the Fianna Fáil party, which absorbed most of Sinn Féin’s original membership. In the election of 1927, Sinn Féin earned only 2.7 percent of the seats in the Dáil and did not campaign again until 1957, when it won 2.6 percent of the seats—which it refused to take—in the Dáil of the Republic of Ireland.
Reacting to sectarian violence in Northern Ireland beginning in the late 1960s, local units of the IRA were organized to defend Catholic communities in the province. Following a party conference in Dublin in 1969, Sinn Féin split again over the question of whether to support the IRA’s use of violence to protect Catholics in Northern Ireland and end British control there. Whereas the “Official” wing of the party, which was later renamed the Workers’ Party, emphasized political and parliamentary tactics and rejected violence after 1972, the “Provisional” wing, or Provos, believed that violence—particularly terrorism—was necessary and justified. This split was paralleled in the IRA, which also divided into official and provisional factions.
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8 de may. de 2022 · El Sinn Féin, antiguo brazo político del IRA, tiene como objetivo final que Irlanda del Norte abandone Reino Unido y se convierta en un solo país junto con la República de Irlanda. BBC News, Mundo
24 de abr. de 2022 · Sun 24 Apr 2022 07.00 EDT. B rendan Behan, the Irish playwright, poet and novelist, said the first item on the agenda of any new Irish republican organisation is “the split”. Since its founding in...
Sinn Féin were opposed to Northern Ireland leaving the European Union together with the rest of the United Kingdom, with Martin McGuinness suggesting a referendum on the reunification of Ireland immediately after the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum results were announced, a stance later reiterated by ...
28 de dic. de 2021 · Sinn Féin. This article is more than 2 years old. ‘Not if … but when’: Sinn Féin on path to power in Ireland. The party is riding high in polls and could complete a seismic shift in Irish...
Aftermath of the Easter Rising. 1918 electoral victory. Treaty and Civil War. 1923–1932, the Fianna Fáil split. 1932–1946, Political isolation. 1947–1962, the era of the "Three Macs", the rightward swing of Sinn Féin, and the border campaign. 1962–1968, Mac Giolla takes control and the return to left-wing politics.
