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The Zollverein unified in 1838 the Prussian and South German currencies at a fixed rate of 1 Prussian thaler = 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden = 16.704 g fine silver. A larger currency convention in 1857 replaced the Prussian thaler with the Vereinsthaler of 16 + 2 ⁄ 3 g fine silver, equivalent to 1 North German thaler , 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 Austro-Hungarian florins , or 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden .
Württemberg used the South German gulden as its currency until 1873. Until 1824, the Gulden was a unit of account and was used to denominate banknotes but was not issued as a coin. It was worth of a Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer Landmünze . The first Gulden coins were issued in 1824.
German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol are also historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region. In the 17th and 18th centuries, emigrants from Southern Germany, known as the Pennsylvania Dutch , were among the first settlers of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania and other influential population centers in present-day United ...
Vereinsthaler, South German gulden, Bremen thaler, Hamburg mark, French franc. German gold mark (1873–1914) German Papiermark (1914–1918) Preceded by:
In 1837, the Prussian thaler was fixed at 1 3 ⁄ 4 South German gulden - hence 9.545 g fine silver per gulden. The North German thaler , valued at 3 ⁄ 4 a Conventionsthaler or 13 1 ⁄ 3 to a Cologne Mark fine silver at the start of the 19th century, was revalued in the 1840s at par with the Prussian thaler , at 14 to a Mark, though with varying subdivisions.
In southern Germany, states including Bavaria used the South German gulden as the standard unit of account, with 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 Gulden = 1 Vereinsthaler. The Gulden was divided into 60 Kreuzer, each of 4 Pfennig or 8 Heller. These states issued Vereinsmünze (union coinage) worth 1 and 2 Vereinsthaler, or 1 3 ⁄ 4 and 3 1 ⁄ 2 gulden.
Since the Gulden was worth 60 Kreuzer, 1 Batzen in Bern, Freiburg and Solothurn also corresponded to one fifteenth of a Gulden. Later there were also Grossi ("thick ones", i.e. Groschen) worth 5 Batzen. Other places of the Old Confederation and some southern German states soon followed Bern's example. Zürich minted 16 Batzen to the Gulden from ...
