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Today, the English term “mannerism” is used to broadly designate 16th-century art throughout Europe (and even in places like the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries) that is conspicuously artificial, often emotionally provocative, and designed to impress.
24 de dic. de 2021 · Emerging during the 16th century in Northwestern Europe, the Protestant Reformation came about from a desire to return to the roots of Christianity. At the time, the Catholic Church’s “ Sale of Indulgences ” prospered; sinful men and women could obtain redemption while still on Earth by paying the Church.
Europe did indeed suffer disasters of war, famine, and pestilence in the 14th century, but many of the underlying social, intellectual, and political structures remained intact. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Europe experienced an intellectual and economic revival, conventionally called the Renaissance , that laid the foundation for the subsequent expansion of European culture throughout the ...
History of Europe - Banking, Finance, Growth: Perhaps the most spectacular changes in the 16th-century economy were in the fields of international banking and finance. To be sure, medieval bankers such as the Florentine Bardi and Peruzzi in the 14th century and the Medici in the 15th had operated on an international scale, but the full development of an international money market with ...
Map of A map of Europe during the ‘Period of Transition’ from medieval to modern history, showing the political boundaries in the first half of the 16th century.
19 de sept. de 2019 · The Castilian Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: New Perspectives on the Economic and Social History of Seventeenth-century Spain, ed. Thompson, I. A. A. and Casalilla, Bartolomé Yun (Cambridge, 1994), includes long sixteenth-century material, as does Álvarez-Nogal, Carlos, Escosura, Leandro Prados de la, and Santiago-Caballero, Carlos, “Spanish Agriculture in the Little Divergence ...
In the 16th century, Antwerp gradually overtook Bruges as the leading art center and the wealthiest city in Europe, attracting talented painters such as Quentin Massys and Jan Gossaert. Most Netherlandish artists showed great respect for tradition. Hieronymus Bosch was an exception, showing extraordinary independence and flights of imagination.
